BENEFITS OF BAKING SODA FOR SKIN, HAIR AND BODY

1. Treats Body Odor
   Baking soda absorbs moisture and sweat from the skin thereby reducing  mild to severe body odor. Also as an antibacterial agent, baking soda helps kill bacteria that give rise to body odor. It is one of the best natural deodorizers.
How To:
1. Combine1/8 tsp of baking soda, 1 tablespoon of water and couple of drops of any essential oil. Use a cotton ball to apply on your underarms or areas where you sweat excessively. Do it regularly.
2. Mix equal amounts of baking soda and cornstarch, dust this powder unto your dry underarms to prevent sweating and bad odor.

2. Treats Smelly and Oily Hair
   Oily hair picks up environmental pollutants and strong smells more readily. It is a very embarrassing problem. The alkaline nature of baking soda balances the pH levels on the scalp to keep it healthy and clean. Baking soda also reduces oiliness and neutralizes foul odors.
How to:
1. Mix 1 part baking soda with 3 parts water apply on dump hair, let it stay for 5 minutes and rinse it off, repeating the procedure once or twice a month.
2. Thoroughly mix equal amounts of baking soda and cornstarch. Sprinkle it at the roots of your hair and tousle your hair around. Brush your hair thoroughly with a good quality brush.
3. Add 1 tbsp of baking soda in your regular shampoo bottle and use it to wash your hair 1-2 times a week.
4. Mix baking soda with tea tree oil. Apply on your damp hair. Leave it for 20 minutes, and then rinse it really well.

3. Nail Care
   Due to excessive use of nail polishes, harsh nail polish remover or detergents  our nails tends to change color. Baking soda has bleaching and exfoliating properties that remove stains and whiten your nails.  If you notice any color change in your nails, clean your nails once in a week with baking soda.
How To:
1. Put ½ cup of water, 1 tsp of 3% hydrogen peroxide and 1 tbsp of baking soda in a bowl. Stir well until baking soda dissolves, and dip your nails 2-3 minutes repeating this once every 2 weeks.
2. Take a nail brush, add baking soda and a few lemon drops and scrub your nails with it. After 10 minutes wash it off.

4. Brightens Yellow Teeth
   Baking soda works as a mild abrasive to remove yellow stains from your teeth. It also helps remove plaque by neutralizing acids produced by the bacteria. When using baking soda on your teeth be cautious as excessive use of baking soda can strip your teeth of its natural protective enamel.
How To:
1. Simply put a bit of baking soda along with your regular toothpaste on your toothbrush and brush your teeth for 2 minutes doing this only once a day.
2. Prepare a homemade teeth whitener by mixing 4 tbsp. of turmeric root powder, 2 tbsp of baking soda, and 3 tbsp of extra-virgin coconut oil. Mix all the ingredients thoroughly. Use a small amount of the mixture to brush your teeth once a day for a few days.

5. Fights Acne, Pimples And Make  Acne Scar Mask
   The antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties of baking soda, helps treat the cause and reduce the symptoms of acne and other breakouts. It also balances the skin’s pH levels.
How To:
1. Mix 1 tsp of baking soda with a little water to make a paste, apply
on the affected area and let it stay for 1-2 minutes. Rinse off with cold water. Repeat this procedure 2-3 days and then reduce the frequency to 1-2 times a week.
   Baking soda also get rid of ugly acne scars by shedding the old skin and replacing it with a new one.
How To :
1. Add olive oil to 1 or 2 tbsp of baking soda. Apply using your hands or cotton ball and massage in a circular motion. Let it stay for 30 minutes. Wash your face with warm water. Use several times a week to get better results.

6. Deodorant
   One of the very unexpected uses of baking soda is it's use as a deodorant. it's cheap and contains less chemicals than deodorants. Most deodorants in the market are full of chemicals that make your underarm skin black and leave stains on your clothes. Homemade deodorants prevent body  odor and black sweat stains.
How To :
1. Take 3 tbsp of baking soda and add 3-5 drops of your favorite essential oil. Mix all together. Apply it with a powder puff or any brush onto your underarms, it will neutralize the body odor.

7. Hand softener
   Baking soda can be used to make hand softener, and say goodbye to those dry hands. You can have soft hands without using any chemicals, harsh soap or beauty creams
How To :
1. Take 1 tbsp baking soda, 1/2 tbsp crushed sugar and a few drops of
olive oil, rub your hands with this mixture. Wash your hands with water after 10 minutes. Do this daily.

8. Treats Nail Fungus
   Nail fungus is a fungi infection that grows under the nails,  resulting in discolored, crusty, thick and distorted nails. It makes the nails look ugly.  The alkaline nature of baking soda can prevents the growth of fungi.
How To :
1. Make a paste of 1-2 tsp of baking soda mixed with warm water, apply it on the nails for couple of minutes and then rinse off with warm water. Do this procedure once a day.
2. Mix 2 tbsp of baking soda in 1 cup of raw unfiltered apple cedar vinegar, soak the affected nails for 5 minutes in the solution. Pat dry them with paper towels. Do this twice a day.

9. Blackheads And Whiteheads
   To get rid of blackheads and whiteheads simply make a baking soda mask.
How To :
1. Do some cleansing with raw milk or whatever you chose, then take hot water in a bowl for steaming. Take five tbsp baking soda, add 1 or 2 tbsp distilled water and mix well. Apply on your face and wait for 5 minutes after that steam your face with the hot water.

10. Heals Skin Rashes And Itchiness
   Due to its anti-inflammatory properties baking soda has soothing effect on the skin,  and this helps to reduce inflammation, swelling and itching. But if your skin is broken or irritated avoid using baking soda.
How To :
1. For localized itching, mix 1 part water with 3 parts baking soda, apply on the affected area, let it sit for couple of minutes and then wash it off with cool water. Do this on a regular basis.
2. For itching all over the body, add 1 cup of baking soda in a bathtub of cool water and soak yourself in it for 10 minutes a day.
3. For insects bites or bee sting on your skin, rub baking soda into this place and you will be relieved.

11. Baking Soda Shampoo
   To cleanse your hair from the residue that styling products leave behind and get a wonderful purifying shampoo, you can mix baking soda with your
favourite shampoo. Do not make it your everyday shampoo, wash with it once or twice a month.
How To :
1. Mix 1 tbsp of baking soda with 1 tbsp of your favourite shampoo and wash your hair with this mixture.
2. You can also just wash your hair with just baking soda plus water.

12. Remove Dandruff And Promote Hair Growth
   Baking soda balances the pH levels of the scalp to a healthy equilibrium, thereby removing dandruff and promoting hair growth.
How To :
1. Rub 1 tsp of baking soda on wet hair and scalp, let it stay for 1 minute and rinse thoroughly. Do this once a week.
2. Mix 1 tsp of baking soda with freshly squeezed juice of 1 lemon, apply it on your scalp and let it stay 2-3 minutes, then rinse off. Do this once a week.

13. Improves Skin Complexion
   Baking soda is an excellent exfoliating agent that helps remove dead cells, which helps to brighten the skin and give an even skin tone. It also balances the skin’s pH levels which is important for an even and clear skin. It is easy and inexpensive to make. Make sure to moisturize your skin after using baking soda
How To :
1. Make a paste of 1 to 2 tsp of baking soda with enough filtered water or rose water, apply the paste on your face, let it sit for sit for 1 minute, then gently rub it off using only the tips of your fingers. Rinse off with
lukewarm water and pat dry.
2. Mix 1 tbsp each of baking soda and fresh lemon juice along with 4 or 5 drops of extra-virgin olive oil. Apply the paste on your face, let it stay on your face for 5 minutes, then rinse it off with cold water. Repeat 2 or
3 times a week.

14. Relieves Sunburn And Sunburn Blisters
   Baking soda has soothing effect due to its alkaline nature. This property  helps relieve itching and burning sensations. It also has mild antiseptic and drying properties that help dry out sunburn blisters quickly.
How To :
1. Mix 1 to 2 tbsp of baking soda in a cup of cold water, soak a washcloth in
it, wring out the excess water and apply it on the affected area. Let it stay for 5-10 minutes. Repeat this 2-3 times a day,
2. Add ½ cup of baking soda in a bathtub filled with water, stir well and soak yourself in it for 10-15 minutes, then pat dry or allow your body to air dry. Do this  once daily for a few days.

15. Baking soda mouthwash
   To freshen your breath and neutralise bacteria, you can create an easy
baking soda mouthwash.
How To :
1. Mix 1 tsp of baking soda and 3 drops of peppermint essential oil or
eucalyptus essential oil in a glass of water.
2. For sore tooth,  mix 1 tsp of baking soda and 1/2 cup of water, use as a mouthwash, the pain will diminish.

16. Beauty Uses
   Baking soda has tons of beauty uses,  it can be used as facial scrub, body exfoliant and for foot soaks. Baking soda cleanse the skin and removes dead cells, making your body baby soft and very smooth.
Facial Scrub:
How To:
1. Mix 1 tbsp of baking soda with 2-3 tbsp of water in your hand, gently massage it into your face for about 1 minute in circular motions, then rinse off. Do this once or twice a week. 
2. Mix 1 tbsp of organic honey with one tbsp of baking soda, rub gently, in circular motions on your face, do it for about 1 or 2 minutes.

Body Scrub:
1. Mix 3 tbsp of baking soda with 1 tbsp of milled oatmeal and  3 tbsp of water. Rub this paste into your body in circular motions and then, wash with warm water.
2. Mix  3 tbsp baking soda with brown sugar and water, gently spread this on your  body in a circular motion for 15 minutes, rinse off with water. You can use it every day.

Foot soaks
How To :
1. Take warm water, add Epsom salt and baking soda in it, soak your foot in this mixture for 15 to 20 minutes. Use a loofah and scrub your foot to get rid of dead cells. Use a towel to dry your foot and apply a moisturizer after that.

   I hope you enjoy reading this post. There are many other uses of baking soda, if you have other remedies you can tell us, also don't forget to tell us the results if you tried these home remedies.

URINARY TRACT INFECTION

WHAT IS URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTI)
   Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that can occur in any part of the urinary system, which are the bladder, the kidneys and urethra. These are the structures that urine passes through before being eliminated from the body. Most UTIs involve the bladder and the urethra and they  can be painful and uncomfortable,  but when the kidneys are involved, they can be life threatening.
   Urinary tract infections are the second most common type of infection in humans, but women are at greater risk of developing it than men are. Some women experience them regularly (called recurrent UTIs). Urinary tract infections also affects children. It is the most common urinary tract problem in children besides bedwetting and are more likely to be serious than those in adults (especially in younger children).

WHAT IS THE URINARY TRACT?
   The urinary tract consist of the Kidneys, the Bladder and the Urethra. The upper urinary tract is composed of the kidneys and ureters, while the lower urinary tract consists of the bladder and the urethra.

The Kidneys
   The kidneys are two small, bean-shaped organs that are located on either side of the spine at about waist level. The function of the kidneys is to filter the blood to remove excess water, salt, urea, potassium and other waste from the body and eliminating them as urine.  Urine are carried from the kidneys to the bladder through the uterers.

The Bladder
   The bladder is a small, balloon-shaped organ, that collects and stores urine. In men, the bladder is located just above the prostate gland, while in women, the bladder is located in front of the uterus.

The Urethra
  The urethra is a tube through which urine exits the bladder. A muscle called the urinary sphincter, that is located at the junction of the bladder and the urethra, must relax at the same time the bladder contracts to expel urine. The urethra in men is longer than that in women as it has to pass through the prostate and the penis.

CAUSES OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
   Urinary tract infections typically occur when the urinary tract becomes infected, usually by bacteria. The bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply in the bladder. Although the urinary system is designed to keep out microscopic invaders, but these defenses do fail sometimes, usually when wiping your bottom or having sex, and then, bacteria may take hold and grow into a full-blown infection in the urinary tract. Fungi or viruses can also cause urinary tract infections.

TYPES OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
   The most common urinary tract infections occur mainly in women and affect the bladder and urethra.
1. Infection of the bladder (Cystitis): This type of urinary tract infection is usually caused by a type of bacteria commonly found in the urinary tract called Escherichia coli (E. coli). All women are at risk of cystitis because of their anatomy. Although sex may lead to cystitis, but you don't have to be sexually active to develop it.
2. Infection of the urethra (Urethritis): This type of urinary tract infection can occur when gastrointestinal bacteria spread from the anus to the urethra.
3. Infection of the kidneys (acute pyelonephritis)

SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
   Symptoms of urinary tract infections depend on the part of the urinary tract that is infected.
  Lower UTIs are infection of the bladder (Cystitis) or urethra (Urethritis). Their symptoms include:
- A need to urinate more often than usual.
- A burning sensation or discomfort when urinating.
- Sudden urges to urinate.
- Increased frequency of urination with small amounts of urine.
- Strong-smelling urine.
- Urine that appears red, bright pink or cola-colored.
- Feeling as though you're unable to empty your bladder fully.
- Urine that's cloudy or contains blood.
- Pelvic pain in women.
- Rectal pain in men.
  Upper UTIs are infections of the kidneys (Pyelonephritis). Their symptoms include:
- High fever
- Shivering and chills
- Pain in the upper back and sides
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Agitation or restlessness
- Confusion

RISK FACTORS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
1. Gender- The femal anatomy, makes women more likely to get UTIs. A woman urethra is shorter than a man's and is closer to their anus (back passage), which shortens the distance that bacteria must travel to reach the bladder. However, UTIs in men are more serious.

2. Sexual activity- Sexually active women tend to have more UTIs than women who aren't sexually active. During sex, the pressure on the urinary tract  can move bacteria from the colon into the bladder.

3. Blockages in the urinary tract- Obstructions or blockages that make it difficult to empty the bladder can cause a UTI. They can be caused by kidney stones or an enlarged prostate.

4. Certain types of birth control- Women who use diaphragms for birth control may be at higher risk. Diaphragms put pressure on the urethra, which can decrease bladder emptying. Spermicides may cause skin irritation in some women and this increases the risk of bacteria entering into the bladder. Latex condoms can cause increased friction during sex which may also irritate the skin and increase the risk of UTI. However, condoms are important for reducing the spread of sexually transmitted infections.

5. Urinary tract abnormalities- Babies born with urinary tract abnormalities that don't allow urine to leave the body normally or cause urine back up in the urethra have an increased risk of UTIs.

6. Menopause- After menopause, a decline of estrogen changes the normal
bacteria in the vagina. This can increase the risk of UTI.

7. Bathroom Hygiene-  The right way to wash or wipe after going to the bathroom is from front to back.Wiping from back to front can lead to a UTI. This motion drags bacteria from the rectal area towards the urethra.

8. A recent urinary procedure-  Urinary examination or surgery  of the urinary tract that involves medical instruments can increase the risk of developing a UTI.

9. A suppressed immune system- Some diesases like diabetes and HIV that impair the immune system can increase the risk of UTIs.

10. Catheter use- A urinary catheter is a tube in the bladder that is used to drain urine. It is usually used for people with neurological problems that can not control their ability to urinate, people who are hospitalized and people who are paralyzed who cannot urinate normally. Long term  use of bladder catheter can increase the risk of UTI. They make it easier for bacteria to get into the bladder.

TREATMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION
   Urinary tract infections can be painful and uncomfortable, but usually pass within a few days and can be easily treated with antibiotics. They are normally treated with a short course of antibiotics. Lower UTIs can be treated with oral antibiotics, while upper UTIs are treated with intravenous antibiotics. Over-the-counter painkillers  can help with any pain. Drinking plenty of fluids may also help you feel better.

COMPLICATIONS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION
   Urinary tract infections may be overlooked or mistaken for other conditions in older adults, and when left untreated, a UTI can have serious consequences. Complications may include:
1. Recurrent infections.
2. Permanent kidney damage.
3. Urethral narrowing (stricture) in men from recurrent urethritis.
4. Risk of delivering low birth weight or premature delivery in pregnant women.
5. Sepsis, a life-threatening  condition that can can cause dangerously low blood pressures, shock, and even death.

PREVENTION OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION
   For women who experience recurrent urinary tract infections they are some things you can try that can help prevent UTIs. These measures include:
- Emptying your bladder as soon as possible after having sex.
- Wiping from front to back after urinating or having a bowel movement.
- Going to the toilet as soon as you need to urinate. 
- Avoiding tight jeans and trouser
- Wearing underwear made from cotton, rather than synthetic material such as nylon.
- Taking showers instead of baths.
- Avoid using perfumed bubble bath, soap or talcum powder around your genitals.
- Cleaning your vaginal and rectal areas daily.
- Staying well hydrated by drinking six to eight glasses of water daily and drinking water after having sex.
- Not using a contraceptive diaphragm or condoms with spermicides on them.

MENSTRUATION FACTS YOU SHOULD KNOW

   Menstruation is something every woman has to deal with every month and believe me that time of the month is not fun. Although we’ve  gotten used to having it around, but we’re constantly looking for ways to make it a lot less annoying, and like sex most women still giggle or shy away from the idea of talking about them openly. We can't even call it for what it is, so we give periods many names like "Aunt Flo," "time of the month," "crimson wave" and all. Periods comes monthly but there are still so much we don't know about periods and men could stand to learn a little something as well.

1. Periods Can Make You Bleed From Other Parts Of Your Body
   "Vicarious Menstruation " is a medical condition, that causes bleeding from a surface other than the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity that occurs at the time when normal menstruation should take place. Women have reported bleeding from their mouths, eyes, ears, noses and even skin. It originally surfaced around the 1800s

2. Cramps are not normal.
   Having cramps during menstruation is not normal. It means that there might be something else going on, like high estrogen, too much sugar, which causes an inflammatory response or irritation as a result of a fibroid or cyst.

3. The Average Period Release Less Than A Cup Of Blood
   Although, everyone is different, but on average, women lose between a few tablespoons to about a cup of blood each month, depending on their flow

4. Menstrual Blood Is Real Blood
   Menstrual blood is actually no different from a cut on your knee or a nose bleed. The difference is that, since menstruation involves shedding the uterine lining after ovulation, there is some tissue as well.

5. Your Period Turns You Into A Shopoholic
   Women are more likely to go on a shopping spree few days before their periods begin. They go shopping to help deal with their Premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

6. The Days Before Your Period Your Body Mimic Pregnancy
   Before your period begins, the body has already started preparing for pregnancy, so it secretes the hormones called progesterone that causes similar symptoms as being pregnant such as tender breast, acne, fluid retention, bloated feeling.

7. Some Menstrual Cramps Can Be As Painful As Early Labor
   Yes, labor pain is way worse.  But the worst menstrual cramps have been compared to very early labor pain.

8. Weight Matters
   Fat cells contribute to one-third of the estrogen levels in a woman, and without this estrogen, the body stops menstruating. So, what most women don't know is that when their body fat drops below 8-12 percent their period will cease. Inadequate nutrition and consumption of low calorie diets are mainly responsible for this.

9. Heavy Bleeding And Back Pain Is A Tell-Tale Sign
   Heavy bleeding and back pain could be sign of high estrogen levels. Estrogen is what is used for the uterus to contract. Lot of women have back pain during their period. There are natural ways to reduce estrogen levels.

10. It’s Not Just Bood You’re Losing
   A layer of the uterus is shed every 28 days or so, along with some blood vessels.

11. Your Sex Drive Is Higher When You Are On Your Period
   Your libido is higher during your period due to lower progesterone and estrogen hormone levels.

12. Men Are Less Attracted To You On Your Period
   Biologically speaking, a man's testosterone levels are influenced by a woman's scent, particularly when she is ovulating or at her peak of fertility.

13. You Are Born With All The Eggs You're Ever Going To Have
   At birth, women are born with 1 and 2 million immature eggs (or follicles) in their ovaries. Only about 400 ever mature, most of them die as they grow up.

14. Having Your Period Often Leads To Iron Deficiency
   Taking an iron supplement during menstruation is very important and helpful, because periods leads to iron deficiency and most of us do not have enough iron in our diet to keep up with the blood we lose during menstruation.

15. Sugar Cravings Mean More Than PreMenstrual Syndrome
   Progesterone helps to regulate blood sugars. Sugar cravings or carb cravings can be a sign that you are low on progesterone. It can easily be corrected with supplements.

16. You Can Exercise On Your Period
   As long as exercise isn't painful or causes you discomfort, you're free to go that extra mile.

17. Irregular Periods Are Caused By A Variety Of Factors
    While they can sometimes be a symptom of serious conditions, Irregular periods aren't always cause for alarm. They can also be caused by stress or extreme weight loss.

18. Insomnia Is A Sign
   Progesterone helps women to sleep. Lack of sleep usually happens if there isn’t enough progesterone. You can contact your doctor.

19. Your Period  Requires A LOT Of Tampons
   It's estimated that on average, a woman will use more than 11,000 tampons in her lifetime .

20. Your Cycle Can Last Anywhere From 21 To 32 Days
   Everyone is  different, some women can have long or short cycles. The same also goes for their periods, which can last anywhere from two to seven days.

21. Your Period Affects The Way Your Voice Sounds
   Vocal production is closely tied to our biology, Cells from the larynx and vagina are very similar and show similar hormone receptors.

22. You Don't need To Bleed Every Month If You're On Birth Control
   Some birth control methods like IUDs or certain types of pill can lighten or stop your period. Your uterus doesn't build up those extra hormones, eggs or tissue that would otherwise be discarded during your period.Studies have shown that, taking birth control on a regular basis can decrease your risk of ovarian cancer by 50 percent.

23. Early Puberty
  Girls are hitting puberty at earlier ages than ever before, Studies point to increase in obesity, low birth weights and stress.

24. Something’s Missing
   Amenorrhea is the absence of periods. This can be due to anatomy irregularities or physiological reasons, like stress or hormones. If you don’t get your period for more than three months at a time, you should be checked out by a doctor.

SIGNS THAT YOUR BODY LACKS WATER

Water makes up about two-thirds of your body weight, and a person cannot survive without water for more than a few days. It is important to keep your body hydrated because water helps the body in numerous ways. It is the easiest key to a healthy life. However, at times, the body may lose water more than usual due to vigorous physical activity, excessive sweating and frequent urination, and the body tends to function less efficiently then. Here are some signs that indicate the body lacks water.

1. Poor Concentration
   The human brain is made up of 90% water, it shows signs when dehydrated, because water is it's essential component. Lack of water in the brain  leads to poor concentration, it affect decision making, memory
and mood. The brain will work more slowly and it can cause difficulty focusing, thinking and communicating. Researchers found out that mildly dehydrated people performed worse on cognitive tasks and also reported
difficulty making decisions.  Adequate intake of water  during the day will make our brain function better and therefore our whole system will function better as well.

2. Dry skin
   Dry and scaly skin is another sign that your body lacks water. The elasticity and hydration depends on the amount of water you drink per day, because the skin requires a good amount of water to remain in good
condition. Dehydration causes the skin to be rough or crack. When the water level is low the skin sweat less, and it’s unable to clean the body from excess dirts, oil and toxins accumulated during the day. The sweating is the means through which the body cleanse itself, thereby reducing the risk of acne, pimples, wrinkles, eczema and psoriasis. It's not just about using a good skin moisturizer on the outside, also hydrate your skin from the inside out by drinking an adequate amount of water.

3. Increased Heart Rate
   Dehydration affects blood circulation and increases  heart rate. It makes the blood more viscous by reducing plasma volume. Lack of water also causes changes in electrolytes present in your body, leading to low blood pressure. Whenever you feel your heart is beating faster than usual, have a glass of water and take a few minutes.
  
4 Reduced Urination and Change in Color
   Going to the restroom every few hours is actually a good thing. It means that your body is throwing away all the toxins and that you have a healthy and regular urinary track system. A healthy amount of water intake results in regular urination. Since toxins from the body are released through urination, not urinating at regular intervals can be problematic. However, keep an eye on the color of your urine, because if the color of
your urine is dark, it indicates a poorly hydrated body. Proper urine should be clear or light colored,

5. Fatigue And Without Energy
   Feeling fatigued and lethargic, can be due to dehydrated body. Lack of water affects blood pressure and causes inadequate oxygen supply throughout the body, including the brain. Lack of oxygen causes fatigue,
sleepiness and reduced energy. Dehydration causes the body to work too hard to ensure proper blood circulation and even breath, therefore the body is functioning more slowly and you will feel tired all day. Staying hydrated is one of the easiest ways to stay energized.

6. Frequent Headache And Lightheadedness
   Dehydration can cause insufficient oxygen flow and blood to the brain, which can result in a headache. A drop in the body's hydration level leads to a reduced amount of fluid surrounding your brain, which protects it from mild bumps and movement, which leads to headaches and migraines. Whenever you're suffering from a headache, reach for a glass of water instead of pills. If the headache is due to dehydration, it will go away soon.

7. Bad Breath and Dry Mouth
   Due to lack of water, your body produces less saliva, which contains antibacterial properties. Water functions as a lubricant and less water result in less saliva, which is very important against bad breath and bacteria in the mouth. Along with bad breath, dehydration can also cause dry mouth.

8. Constipation And Problems With The Digestive System
   Drinking water can help lubricate the digestive system and keep the
digestive tract flexible and clean. Water flushes out the toxins in the digestive system, thereby making it to function better. Lack of water in the body causes constipation, heartburn and poor bowel movements.

9. Food Cravings
   When dehydrated, the body sends mixed signals to your brain that you are hungry, when actually you are thirsty. Water can also help you kill the excessive desire for food and snacks. The next time you have hunger pangs or food cravings, drink a glass of water before grabbing a snack. When experiencing cravings for something sweet, reach for fruits like watermelon or berries that are sweet as well as high in water content.

10. Joint and Muscle Pain
   Water is a vital component of healthy joints and cartilage. When the body is well hydrated, the joints can handle sudden movements, such as running, jumping or falling without any pain. But, when the body lacks water, the bones start grinding against each other, causing pain in the joints. Also when fluids are lost through perspiration, muscles tends to contract leading to cramps.

Tips to Prevent Dehydration:
- Drink plenty of water and other fluids every day. The amount of water you need to drink usually depends on factors, such as the climate, how physically active you are, and your overall health.
- Carry your own water bottle.
-  Include water rich fruits and vegetables in your diet.
- Avoid drinks that can cause dehydration.
- If you are busy and often forget to drink water, set a reminder to drink a glass of water.

AUTISM

WHAT IS AUTISM
   Autism or autism spectrum disorder is a complex neurological and developmental disorder that affects social, language and communication skills combined with rigid, repetitive behaviors. It is called a "spectrum" disorder because of it's range of symptoms and severity. It affects how a person interacts, acts and communicate with others, and also how they learn. It usually begins in childhood and lasts throughout a person's life. Autism decreases the individual's ability to communicate and emotionally relate to others and this makes it hard for them to express themselves through words, facial expressions, gestures and touch. People with autism may have restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, which can cause an impairment in social functioning and communication disturbances. They can be chatty or silent, affectionate or cold. It is a broad diagnosis, each child with autism is likely to have a unique pattern of behavior and level of severity from low functioning to high functioning. People with autism show uneven skill developments. They may have problems in certain areas such as communication skills, but have other exceptional skills such as solving math problems, art and creating music. For this reason, it can include people with high IQ's to lower than normal intelligence. This disorder may range from mild to severe. It can be an handicap that limits an individual, and can sometimes be a disability that may require institutional care. Autism occurs about four to five times more often in boys than girls. Family,income, lifestyle, or educational levels do not affect a child's chance of being autistic.

CAUSES
   The exact cause of autism spectrum disorder is not known, but research suggests that most cases of autism, appear to be caused by a combination of autism risk genes and environmental factors which influences early brain development.

SYMPTOMS
   Some children show signs of autism from birth. While other children may develop normally for the first few months or years, but then suddenly become withdrawn or even lose language skills they've already acquired.  Here are: Early Signs Of Autism In Babies to be on the lookout for.
1. Failure to mimic sounds or facial expressions by 9 months.
2. Fails to respond to his or her name.
3. Poor hand control.
4. Doesn't gesture, point or wave by 14 months.
5 Has poor eye contact and lacks facial expression.
6. Intense focus on one item.
7. Doesn't babble or coo by
7 Doesn't respond with a smile or happy expression by 6 months.
8. lack of back-and-forth play.
   Early symptoms may be interpreted as signs of a well-behaved baby     because they are quiet and undemanding.
Other Signs Of Autism
1. Repetitive, stereotyped body movements such as rocking, spinning or hand-flapping.
2. Doesn't say two-word phrases by 24 months.
3. Inability to speak, delayed speech, or loss of previous ability to say words or sentences.
4. Failure to recognize other people’s feelings or facial expressions.
5. Physical problems such as constipation, and poor sleeping.
6. Tendency to eat items that are not food.
7. Social communication, interaction and withdrawal.
8. Self-injurious behavior like head-banging.
9. Lack of empathy.
10. Poor coordination while running or climbing.
11. Inappropriately approaches a social interaction by being aggressive or disruptive.
12. Moves constantly and resistant to change.
13. Some children develop seizures.
14. Sensitivity to light, sound and touch.
15. Can't play interactively with other children.
16. Doesn't appear to understand simple questions or directions.
17. They may seem not to notice people, objects, or activities in their surroundings.
18. Resists cuddling and holding and seems to prefer playing alone .
20. Repeat words or phrases over and over (echolalia)
   Some children with autism become more engaged as they mature and show fewer disturbances in behavior and eventually may lead normal or near-normal lives. While others continue to have difficulty with language or social skills.

TYPES AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
There are three different types of Autism Spectrum Disorders:
1. Autistic Disorder Or Classic Autism- People with autistic disorder have intellectual disability. They usually lack social and communication skills, are speech impaired and have unusual behaviors and interests.

2. Asperger Syndrome-  People with Asperger syndrome  have some milder
symptoms of autistic disorder. They do not suffer from intellectual disability, however they might have social challenges and unusual behaviors and interests.

3. Pervasive Developmental Disorder Or Atypical Autism- These types meet some, not all of the criteria for autistic disorder or Asperger syndrome, The symptoms might cause only social and communication challenges. They have milder symptoms than autistic disorder.

RISK FACTORS
  Autism spectrum disorder affects children of all races but they are some  certain factors that increase a child's risk, they are:
1. Genetics- Children who have a sibling or parent with an autism spectrum disorder are at a higher risk of also having an autism spectrum disorder.
2. Medical conditions- It tend to occur in people who have certain other
medical conditions, such as Down syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, fragile X syndrome and other chromosomal disorders.
3. Drugs- Some harmful drugs taken during pregnancy have been linked
with a higher risk of autism spectrum disorder.
4. Sex of the child- Boys are about four to five times more likely to develop autism spectrum disorder than girls.
5. Parents' ages (Advance age).
6. Maternal illness during pregnancy .
7. Extremely preterm babies.
8. Certain difficulties during birth, particularly those involving periods of oxygen deprivation to the baby’s brain.

TREATMENT
   It's important to diagnosis autism very early, because while there is no cure for autism, intensive and early treatment can make a big difference. These treatments include therapies for behavior and communication, skills
training, and medicines to control symptoms. This will increase the child's ability to grow and learn new skills.
Research has also suggested that a woman can reduce her risk of having a child with autism by eating a diet rich in folic acid or taking prenatal vitamins containing folic acid (at least 600 mcg a day) during conception.

HEALTH BENEFITS OF DRINKING WATER

    Water is the main component of the human body. Adequate and regular water consumption has numerous health benefits. Experts recommend drinking 8 glasses of water each day to maintain good health. It has no calories, fat or sugar, and as such has no negative side effects unlike sugary drinks that comes with numerous health hazards. To make it more enjoyable you can add a squirt of lemon, few sprigs of fresh mint, a squeeze of lime, a cucumber or orange slice or even watermelon. The amount of water you consume everyday plays an important role in maintaining a healthy body. Checkout some of the benefits of healthy water consumption.

1. Relieves Fatigue
   Fatigue is one of the first symptoms of dehydration.  Inadequate consumption of water can make someone often feel tired, because the body tends to function less efficiently. When there is less water in the body, the blood volume drop, and it causes the heart to work harder to pump oxygenated blood out in the bloodstream, and other major organs also work less efficiently. For the body to function better, it's advised to drink adequate water always.

2. Aids Weight Loss
   Drinking water could also help with weight loss . It removes by-products of fat, it raises your metabolism and it helps increase the rate at which the body burns fat. Drinking two to eight- ounce glasses of water prior to meals can help suppress appetite by filling your tummy and reducing the tendency to eat more, it also raises your metabolism. Since water has zero calories, it is a great replacement for high calorie drinks like alcohol, sugary drinks and sodas that often contribute to weight gain.

3. Brain Boost
   Since the brain is mostly water, drinking it promotes clearer thinking and make one to focus, concentrate better, stay refreshed and be more alert.

4. Aids in Digestion and Constipation
    Water is essential to digest your food and prevents constipation.Inadequate water in the body often results in constipation as the colon pulls water from the stools to maintain hydration, which makes it harder and difficult to pass. Drinking enough water adds fluids to the colon which helps make things move smoothly. It also boosts your metabolism and helps
the body properly break down food and promotes regular bowel movements.

5. Improves Mood
  Mild dehydration can negatively affect your mood and ability to think. When the body is functioning at its best, you will feel great and be happy.

6  Headaches and Migraines Remedy
   Headaches and migraines are often caused by dehydration. Drinking  plenty water can reduce headaches and migraines and also reduce the intensity of headaches too.

7. Pain prevention
   Muscles cramps, strain and aching joints can occur if the body is dehydrated. Drinking plenty water helps keep the muscles more elastic and makes the joints lubricated. So joint pain and cramps is less likely.

8. Flushes Out Toxins
   Water is an excellent detoxifier. It helps flush out toxins from your body and get rid of waste primarily through sweat and urination, which reduces kidney stones by diluting the salts and minerals in urine. It also promote kidney function. Kidneys need enough fluids to clear away what we don’t need in the body. It also helps reduces the risk of urinary tract infections.

9. Promotes Healthy Skin
   Certain toxins in the body can cause the skin to inflame, which results in clogged pores and acne. Water keeps the body well hydrated and improves capillary blood flow. Drinking plenty of water helps replenish skin tissues and increases the elasticity in your skin. This will make your skin fresh, soft, moisturized, glowing and smooth. It also helps prevent pimples, scars and wrinkles, thereby promoting a healthy and younger-looking skin.

11. Sickness fighter
   Someone who drinks plenty of water is less likely to get sick. Water may help with decongestion and dehydration, and help the body bounce back when feeling down. Drinking plenty of water helps fight against flu, cancer and other ailments like heart attacks. But is should not be replaced for a trip to the doctor or other remedies.

12. Regulates Body Temperature
   Water also helps regulate body temperature. This is as a result of the thermal properties of water and it's ability to release heat from the body when sweat evaporates from the surface of the skin. This regulates an even body temperature, and since the temperature is well regulated you will most likely to feel more energetic when exercising.

13.  Beats Bad Breath
   Water keeps the mouth moist washes away bacteria and food particles and dilutes the smelly compounds that oral bacteria create. Drink enough water and also rinse your mouth with water, after having a meal or snack to control odors and remove bacteria and food from your teeth.

14. Hangover Help
   Help a hangover with a glass of water to rehydrate the body and speed up recovery, and also stop that pounding headache. Each time you've had too much alcohol, experts recommend drinking 17 to 20 ounces of water at night before going to bed.

TIPS
- Drink about 8 to 10 glass of water everyday
- Drink a glass of water as soon as you wake up, and 30 minutes before
   eating any big meal to help control your appetite.
- Keep a water bottle on hand at all times.
- You can squeeze a little lime or add a cucumber or mint to spice up the
   taste buds.

TIPS FOR MAINTAINING A HEALTHY PREGNANCY

1. Health
   A woman’s health is essential to the good health of her baby. As soon as you find out you're pregnant, get in touch with a gynecologist or a midwife to organise your antenatal care. Women who go for regular prenatal care are less likely to have complications and they're also more likely to successfully give birth to a healthy baby.  Attending all prenatal care checkups will also help your doctor carefully monitor you and your growing baby throughout your pregnancy.

2. Opt for a Balanced Diet
   Eating a nutritious diet during pregnancy have a direct influence on the health of the unborn baby. The food a woman eats during pregnancy is linked to good fetal brain development, a healthy or normal birth weight, and lowers  the risk of many birth defects. Healthy diet is a must during pregnancy. It also reduces the risk of pregnancy complications like anemia, morning sickness and fatigue. Good nutrition also help balance mood swings and it may improve labor and delivery as well. A well-balanced pregnancy diet includes, plenty of nuts, vegetables, fruits and fresh fish to help your body get protein, vitamin C, carbohydrates calcium, iron and adequate fat. Foods rich in Omega 3 and Omega 6 oils. Eat organic foods, especially leafy greens to build an iron- rich blood supply, and try to have five portions of fruits and vegetables daily. Along with food drink plenty of pure water, switch to green tea and real fruit juices. Avoid coffee and sodas.

3. Exercise Regularly
   Regular moderate exercise during pregnancy ensures proper health of
the mother as well as the newborn. Exercise helps:
- Alleviate Constipation
- Relieves leg cramps, swelling of the ankles and back pain
- Improve sleep
- Help ward off depression
- Increase energy levels
- It helps to cope better with the hard work of labour
- It makes it easier to get back into shap after your baby is born
- Enhances the newborn child’s brain development.
   Avoid sports that have a risk of falls or knocks, or put extra stress on your joints. Before starting any new exercise, it’s important to talk to your doctor.  Good exercise choices for pregnancy include, Aerobic exercises, such as walking, brisk walking, jogging, swimming prenatal dance classes, and yoga. These exercise stimulate the heart and lungs as well as muscle and joint activity,it also improves circulation and increases muscle tone and strength. There are other exercise designed specifically for pregnant women that help to improve posture,  build strength and promote better circulation and respiration. Some of these exercises are Squatting and Kegel exercises. Kegel exercises focus on the vaginal and perineal muscles and are thought to help women maintain good muscle tone and control in the perineal area, which can aid in delivery and recovery after birth. However, if you were not physically active before getting pregnant, talk with your doctor about what exercise you can do during your pregnancy.

4. Getting Sick During Pregnancy
   Pregnant women are more susceptible to certain infections, like the common cold or flu. Though such illnesses can make you feel very unwell, most will not affect your developing baby. Some of the more common illnesses besides all of the symptoms that go along with pregnancy, include common cold,flu runny nose and upset stomach. It’s important to talk to your doctor about treatments that are safe to use for any illnesses during pregnancy. Talk to your doctor about your health history. They can tell you
whether or not there are risks to your baby’s health.

5. Avoid Certain Foods
    There are some foods it's safest not to eat in pregnancy to protect yourself and your unborn baby from bacteria or parasitic infections. These foods pose a threat to your health and can harm the health of your baby and cause birth complications . Such infection causing bacteria and parasites are:
1. Listeriosis- Caused by listeria bacteria. It doesn't usually pose a threat to your health. However,  it can cause pregnancy or birth complications and even lead to miscarriage. Food to avoid are, unpasteurised milk and juice,  undercooked ready meals and soft cheeses. Make sure you heat ready meals thoroughly before eating as listeria bacteria are destroyed by heat. Also make sure that all milk, cheese, and juice are pasteurized.
2. Toxoplasmosis- This is an infection caused by a parasite. It rare and it can affect your unborn baby. You can lower your risk of catching it by, washing fruit and vegetables well to remove soil or dirt, cooking meat and ready meals thoroughly and wearing gloves when handling pet litter and garden soil.
3. Salmonella- It can cause food poisoning.  It can be transmitted from
refrigerated, smoked seafood and undercooked meat, fish high in mercury and raw sprouts, poultry and seafood. Thoroughly wash utensils, boards and your hands after handling raw poultry and cook eggs until the white and yolk are solid, do not eat soft-boiled or raw eggs during pregnancy.
   Pregnant women should ensure that their food is obtained from reputable establishments, cooked properly and consumed within a couple of days of purchasing. Speak to your doctor about allergies, so you'll know foods to avoid.

6. Take Necessary Supplements
   Most nutrients needed during pregnancy should come from food, but prenatal vitamin supplements play an important role. They can help if you're worried you're not eating well, or you're too sick to eat much, and as such not getting the right nutrients that the developing fetus needs. Make sure your supplement contains 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid and iron  because it's necessary to prevent neural tube defects such as spina bifida and iron helps in the baby’s overall growth. Your supplement should also contain calcium and vitamin D for proper bone development in babies. If you don't eat fish, fish oil supplements may be helpful. Choose a supplement made from the body of the fish, not the liver and Omega-3 fatty acid supplements also can promote a baby’s brain development. However, these pregnancy  supplements are not a substitute for a balanced diet. Talk to your doctor before you start taking prenatal vitamins. They can help you decide which type is best for you.

7. Get Plenty of Rest and Sleep
    Getting adequate sleep during pregnancy is vital. Pregnancy causes several hormonal changes in the body that can lead to fatigue and exhaustion. To help your body overcome this, it is important to get adequate rest. Sleep deprivation during pregnancy can lead to longer labor,discomfort during labor, higher cesarean rates and preterm labor. Sleep  nourishes the development of the unborn baby and provide energy to the mother needed for labor and delivery. Factors that cause sleep problem during pregnancy include backache, leg cramps, morning sickness ,heartburn, and endless bathroom trips. Backaches is one of the main causes  and if backache is disturbing your sleep, try sleeping on your left-hand side with your knees bent. Placing a wedge-shaped pillow under your bump may help ease the strain on your back. Exercise may also give you some relief from backache. You can also  try relaxation techniques which are safe in pregnancy before you go to bed, such as deep breathing, yoga visualisation, stretching and warm massage.For a healthy pregnancy, you need restful and quality sleep.

8. Manage Stress
   Feeling stressed during pregnancy is normal, but the stress level should be under control. Stress hormones can impact the health of the unborn baby. Stress during pregnancy is related to a child’s motor development, as well as mental  outcomes in middle childhood and into adolescence. Stress can make pregnant women overwhelmed and fatigued all the time,  it can causes low blood flow to the baby, thereby making it hard for important nutrients to reach the baby’s developing organs and it can result in premature labor due to the release of contraction-triggering hormones. To manage stress, talk to your partner, friends,family members and doctor about your fears and problems

9. Do Pelvic Floor Exercises
    Your pelvic floor comprises a hammock of muscles at the base of
your pelvis. These exercise are great for strengthening the muscles that support your bladder, vagina and back passage, because pregnancy hormones can also cause your pelvic floor to slacken slightly and feel weaker. Pelvic floor exercises can aid in smooth delivery and quick recovery after birth. It also helps prevent urinary incontinence.

10. Cutting out bad habits
   It’s important to cut out smoking, drug use, and alcohol consumption when pregnant as these have been linked to serious complications and risks for both mother and baby.
- Alcohol: Any alcohol consumed rapidly reaches your baby via the blood
stream and placenta. Hence, it is important to avoid alcohol during pregnancy. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy is linked with a wide range of problems in the developing baby such as miscarriage,premature labor and delivery stillbirth. It can also cause fetal alcohol syndrome, which causes low body weight, abnormal appearance, short height and low intelligence, and other problems in the newborn. Reports says that prenatal alcohol is the leading preventable cause of birth defects and intellectual and neurodevelopmental disabilities. Also, do not drink any alcohol while trying to become pregnant.
- Smoking: Smoking during pregnancy can cause serious health problems,
for you and your baby. It affects blood flow and oxygen delivery to a baby. Pregnant women should not smoke before, during or after pregnancy and should try to avoid secondhand smoke as well. Pregnancy complications linked to smoking are:
Ectopic pregnancy
Vaginal bleeding
Nausea and vomiting (morning sickness).
Premature placental detachment and abruption
Premature labor and delivery
Cot death (SIDS)
Smoking also cause low birth-weight babies, which  is the most common cause of death and illness in the first few weeks of life.

VITILIGO

WHAT IS VITILIGO?
   Vitiligo is a disease in which white patches of skin appear on different parts of the body. This happens because the cells that make pigment (color) in the skin are destroyed. These cells are called melanocytes. The extent and rate of color loss from vitiligo is unpredictable. Vitiligo can be focal and localized to one area, or it may affect several different areas on the body. It can also affect the mucous membranes such as the tissue inside the mouth and nose and the eye, it may also affect hair. Vitiligo affects people of all skin types, but it may be more noticeable in people with darker skin because of the contrast of white patches against dark skin. Vitiligo is not painful, life threatening or contagious, as such, it does not have any significant health consequences. However, it can have emotional and  psychological consequences, because it can make you feel bad about yourself. Vitiligo tends to run in families. Treatment for vitiligo does not cure the disease, but it may improve the appearance of the affected skin thereby reducing the severity of the condition. Vitiligo can start at any age, but most often appears before age 20.

CAUSES OF VITILIGO
   The cause of vitiligo is not known, but most experts believe that it is an autoimmune disease. These disease happen when your melanin-forming cells (melanocytes) die or stop producing melanin. Doctors don't know why the cells fail or die but some researchers think that the melanocytes destroy themselves. Or thier immune system mistakenly attacks and destroy the melanocytes in the skin. Other researchers think that a single event such as sunburn or emotional distress can cause vitiligo. The involved patches of skin become lighter or white.

SYMPTOMS OF VITILIGO
1. Skin discoloration- The main sign of vitiligo is white patches on the skin. They are most common in areas of the skin that is exposed to the sun, such as hands, feet, arms, face, and lips. The patches may also be on the elbows, knees, nostrils, navel, genitals and rectum.
2. Loss of or change in color of the retina.
3. Premature whitening or graying of the hair on your scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows or beard.
4. Loss of color inside the mouth and nose (mucous membranes).

TYPES OF VITILIGO
  The parts of the body covered by the discolored patches, depends on the type of vitiligo you have. They are:
1. Generalized Vitiligo - This is when the discolored patches covers many parts of the body.
2. Segmental Vitiligo - The patches are only on one side or part of the body. This type tends to occur at a younger age, progress for a year or two, then stop.
3. Focal or Localized Vitiligo - The patches are on one or only a few areas of the body.

WILL THE WHITE PATCHES SPREAD?
   It's difficult to predict how the disease will progress. For some people,
the white patches do not spread and stop forming without treatment. But in some cases the white patches spreads and eventually involves most of the skin. For some people, vitiligo spreads slowly, over many years, but for other people, it spreads quickly. So there is no way to tell if it will spread.

RISK FACTORS
1. Vitiligo is connected with three other autoimmune diseases (Addison disease, Hyperthyroidism and Pernicious anemia). So people with this diseases are more likely to get vitiligo than people who don't have any autoimmune diseases.
2. Family history (heredity)
3. Trigger event such as sunburn, or exposure to industrial chemicals.
4. Stress or physical illness.
5. Rash, or other skin problem.
6. Sensitivity to the sun.

TREATMENT
   Vitiligo is difficult to treat. Treatment can have unwanted side effects, take a long time, and sometimes don’t work, but treatment may help make the skin look more even. Some treatments are not right for everyone, as the choice of treatment depends on, The number of white patches and how widespread the patches are. Treatment options include:
1. Surgical treatment - Skin may be grafted from normally pigmented areas and placed onto areas where there is pigment loss. The doctor takes skin from one area of a patient’s body and attaches it to another area and tattooing small areas of skin. This is sometimes used for people with small patches of vitiligo.
2. Phototherapy treatment - The skin is carefully exposed to ultraviolet light. A dermatologist applies medicines such as corticosteroid creams or ointments and immunosuppressant creams. Or topical drugs such as methoxsalen (Oxsoralen) that makes your skin sensitive to light.
3. Medical treatments - This treatment includes, Medicines (such as creams) that you put on the skin, drugs and removing the color from other areas so they match the white patches.
Most treatments are aimed at restoring color to the white patches of skin. Other treatments include, use of sunscreens and cosmetics, such as makeup or dye, to mask the white patches.

COMPLICATIONS
1. Hearing loss.
2. Social or psychological distress.
3. Sunburn and skin cancer.
4. Eye problems, such as inflammation of the iris.
5. Side effects due to treatment, such as dry skin and itching.

HOW TO COPE WITH VITILIGO?
1. Counseling and support
2. Learn about the disorder and treatment choices. This can help you make decisions about your treatment.
3. Try and improve appearance by the use of cosmetics to cover white patches. This can make you feel better about yourself.

10 WARNING SIGNS OF CERVICAL CANCER YOU SHOULDN’T IGNORE

   Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. It occurs in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Cervical cervical does not show any symptoms in its early stages. The symptoms are more prominent, after the disease has spread to the bladder, liver, intestines or lungs. Chances of successfully treating cervical cancer are higher if it is detected during the early stages. Being an adult woman, if you notice any unusual changes or symptoms affecting your reproductive organs, consult your doctor immediately,  because women of all ages who are sexually active are at risk of developing this cancer
Some of the most typical warning signs that shouldn't be ignored are as follow:

1. Vaginal Discharge
   A little bit of vaginal discharge without color or odor is normal. but significant changes in discharge are still worth getting checked out. it could be a result of bacterial vaginosis, menopause symptoms, or yeast infection. But when the  discharge becomes heavy, pale, watery, brownish or mixed with blood, it could be a sign of onset cervical cancer. If you experience this symptom, report it to your doctor immediately.

2. Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
   Of all the symptoms, this is likely the most common. Abnormal vaginal bleeding between periods, after intercourse, or after menopause could be due to other medical conditions such as a hormonal imbalance, pelvic inflammatory disease or an infection in the pelvic organs. it might also be sign of possible cervical cancer. As cancer spreads to nearby tissues, it creates new, abnormal capillaries that break easily and cause bleeding. These bleeding may occur after sexual intercourse, between menstrual periods and after menopause. If you are experiencing abnormal bleeding then you definitely want to contact your doctor. Women who are postmenopausal and no longer have periods should pay close attention to this symptom.

3. Loss of Bladder Control
   Frequent urination is common among pregnant women and people who have increased their fluid intake. But change in urine and urinary habits can also be symptoms of cervical cancer. Bladder control is one area of the body where cervical cancer commonly spreads. It indicates that the cancer has spread beyond a localized area and is affecting the bladder or other parts of the urinary tract. If you experience loss of bladder control coupled with blood in the urine seekthe input of a medical professional.

4. Irregular And Heavy Menstrual Periods
   There should be some level of consistency when it comes to monthly periods. Heavy bleeding can be due to hormonal imbalance, fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis or thyroid, liver or kidney disease or due to certain medications. But menstrual periods that are heavier and longer than normal are another common warning sign of cervical cancer. This is as a result of irritation of the cervix, possibly due to spread of cervical cancer. Bleeding is considered heavy if you have to change sanitary napkins or tampons more than once every 2 hours. Consult a physician if there is any change in the consistency of monthly periods and also if the inconsistencies persist.

5. Leg Pain
   Some women diagnosed with early stages of cervical cancer experience swelling and pain in the leg. This is as a result of swelling in the cervix which obstructs blood flow, and eventually causes the leg to swell and gives a sore, painful sensation. The pain tends to be constant and increases in intensity over time making it hard to carry out your day-to-day activities.

6.  Discomfort While Urinating
   Keeping track of urination can help reveal the presence of cervical cancer in several ways as cervical cancer can also cause discomfort during urination. It is one of the most obvious and prevalent symptoms of the deadly disease. This is normally described as a tight and concentrating stinging sensation while urinating. Such symptoms occur when the cancer has spread to nearby tissue. However, this type of pain is a sign of something far less serious, like a urinary tract infection, bladder problem,
yeast infection or STDS.

7. Unexplained Loss of Weight and Fatigue
   Unexplained weight loss can indicate cervical cancer.  The body produces small proteins called cytokines, which break down fat at a much higher rate than normal. This leads to weight loss, irrespective of your diet. The immune system works hard to fight it. Your body then becomes tired as a result of these various biological processes. Although these symptoms can be a result of other factors, but when other symptoms are present, It’s important that you get a medical checkup.

8. Pelvic Pain
   Cramping and aches are a normal part of the menstrual cycle, so pelvic pain is a fairly routine burden of being a woman. But when pain lasts for longer periods of time, occurs frequently, or becomes more intense than it could be a sign of cervical cancer. It is advised to visit a doctor.

9. Body Pain
  Body pain is a common symptom of cervical cancer. It’s common for women with cervical cancer to have prolonged pain which increases as time goes on and it can make basic simple movements difficult to do. Although body pain can happen for a wide variety of reasons, but if accompanied with other symptoms from the list, go for a medical check-up.

10. Painful intercourse (Dyspareunia)
   An infection or STD can be the cause of discomfort during sexual intercourse, but it is another important warning sign of cervical cancer. Pain during sex is a late symptom of cervical cancer, and it indicates advanced cervical cancer, which means the cancer has spread throughout the reproductive organs and tissues and the pain is usually accompanied with vaginal discharge This symptom should not be ignored.

SICKLE CELL DISEASE

What Is Sickle Cell Disease?
   Sickle cell disease is a life-long illness. The term sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited red blood cell disorders. “Inherited” means that the disease is passed by genes from parents to their children. The sickle cell gene is passed from generation to generation in a pattern of inheritance called autosomal recessive inheritance. If only one parent passes the sickle cell gene to the child, that child will have the sickle cell trait. People with this condition can make both normal hemoglobin and sickle cell hemoglobin. Their blood may contain some sickle cells, which they can pass on to their children. Sickle cell disease is not contagious. A person cannot catch it, like a cold or infection, from someone else.
   Most children with SCD are pain free between painful crises, but adolescents and adults may also suffer chronic pain. The severity of the disease varies widely from person to person. But advances in the diagnosis and care of sickle cell disease have made the life expectancy of a person with sickle cell disease to Raise from 14 years to about 40–60 years in high income countries. Early diagnosis and regular medical care to prevent
complications also contribute to improved well-being.

Cause Of Sickle Cell Disease
   People with sickle cell disease have red blood cells that contain mostly hemoglobin S, an abnormal type of hemoglobin. They usually inherit two of these abnormal hemoglobin genes, one from each parent.
   Hemoglobin is the main substance of the red blood cell. It takes up oxygen in the lungs and carries it to all the tissues of the body. Cells in tissues need a steady supply of oxygen to work well. Normal red blood cells contain hemoglobin A. Hemoglobin S and C are abnormal types of hemoglobin.Normal red blood cells are soft and disc shaped. This shape makes the cells to be flexible so that and can squeeze through tiny blood  vessels to deliver oxygen. Sickle hemoglobin form stiff rods within the red blood cell, changing it into a misshapen, crescent, or sickle shape which are not flexible, thereby making it difficult for the red blood cells to pass through small blood vessels. They can also stick to vessel walls, causing a blockage that slows or stops the flow of blood. When sickle-shaped cells block small blood vessels, oxygen can’t reach nearby tissues and tissues that does not receive a normal blood flow eventually becomes damaged, which is the causes of complications of sickle cell disease. The lack of oxygen in the tissues can cause attacks of severe pain, called pain crises, which can occur suddenly and without warning. Sickle cells can’t change shape easily, so they tend to burst apart or hemolyze. Normal red blood cells live for about 120 before new ones replace them. Red blood cells containing mostly hemoglobin S do not live as long as normal red blood cells (normally about 10 to 20 days). In sickle cell disease the body may have trouble keeping up with how fast the cells are being destroyed. Because of this, the number of red blood cells is usually lower than normal. This condition is called anemia and it can make a person have less energy.
  
Symptoms Of Sickle Cell Disease
  Sickle Cell Disease is usually diagnosed in infancy. A baby born with sickle cell disease starts showing symptoms as early as at 4 months, when the fetal hemoglobin is replaced with Hemoglobin S and the cells become crescent shaped. Some of the signs to look out for include:
- Anemia
- Swollen hands and feet
- Abdominal swelling, especially if the area is tender to touch.
- Episodes of pain
- Delayed growth
- Fever
- increased risk of infection or frequent infections
- Sudden vision problems
- Yellow tint to the skin or whites of the eyes
- Pale skin or nail beds
- Trouble walking or talking
- Unexplained numbness
If you notice any of these symptoms,  contact a doctor immediately.

Types Of Sickle Cell Disease
There are several types of sickle cell disease. depending on the genes inherited, The most common are:
1. Sickle Cell Anemia (SS)- This is when the child receives Hemoglobin S genes from both parents. Patients with this condition have the most fatal anemias.
2. Sickle-Hemoglobin C Disease (SC)- When the child receives the Hemoglobin S gene from one parent and Hemoglobin C gene from anothe. The symptoms are less severe than in Hemoglobin SS type.
3. Sickle Beta-Plus Thalassemia or Hemoglobin S Beta Thalassemia (Sβ) - When the child receive the Hemoglobin B gene along with the Hemoglobin S gene, the hemoglobin production reduces along with the size of the red blood cells, but the biconcave structure remains.
4. Sickle Beta-Zero Thalassemia ( Sβ) - This is a severe form of beta thalassemia. The symptoms are as severe as in Hemoglobin SS type and it's complicated by no roduction of hemoglobin.
There's also Hemoglobin SD and Hemoglobin SE.

Risk Factor
  Sickle cell conditions are inherited from parents, so it comes down to genetics. The types of hemoglobin a person makes in the red blood cells depend upon what hemoglobin genes the person inherits from his or her parents. The gene is more common in families that come from Africa, India, Mediterranean countries, Saudi Arabia, the Caribbean Islands, and South and Central America.

Complications
- Stroke
- Skin ulcers
- Damage to most organs including the spleen, kidneys and liver.
- Priapism (painful prolonged erection)
- Acute chest syndrome
- Gallstones
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Blindness

Treatment
There's no cure for most people with sickle cell anemia. However, treatments can relieve pain and help prevent further problems associated with the disease. If diagnosed at infancy then health can be maintained with penicillin prophylaxis, vaccination against pneumococcus bacteria and folic acid supplementation. Complications are often treated with antibiotics, pain management, intravenous fluids, and surgery all backed by psychosocial support. Therapeutic methods are also available to aid in lengthening the patient's lifespan and managing the symptoms. Hydroxyurea is a therapeutic agent given to sickle cell disease patients with severe anemia, to reduce blood flow velocities in the brain so that chest pain and respiratory symptoms are kept in control. Patients experiencing vascular pain, in the hands and feet, are advised to consume water excessively to keep the blood cells mobile. Bone marrow transplants are administered in cases of severe anemia and respiratory difficulties. Early diagnosis preferably in the newborn period is the key to avoid complications of sickle cell disease.

Preventing Sickle Cell Disease
   Detecting the sickle cell trait before conceiving a baby is the only prevention measure. It is advised to go for blood test followed by a laboratory technique called Hemoglobin Electrophoresis  will determine the type of hemoglobin you have. Electrophoresis differentiates between normal hemoglobin (A), Sickle hemoglobin (S), and other different kinds of hemoglobin (such as C, D, E, etc.).

10 REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD NEVER THROW AWAY EGGSHELLS

   Eggs are packed with nutrients such as calcium, protein and minerals, lets not forget cheap too, and as such millions of people around the world consume eggs every day. But after consuming the eggs most people do not care about the value of the eggshells as the benefits of eggshells are usually understated, so they are always tossed away. Well, I've found some awesome ways to make sure that some of my eggshells serve double duty instead of going straight to the dumpster, and i am going to share them with you.
   Here are 10 great ways to make use of those eggshells that you often give a one-way ticket to the dumpster.

1. Make Your Coffee More Drinkable And Less Acidic
   Though it sounds weird and gross. The alkaline calcium carbonate content of the eggshells combats the acidity of the coffee, which helps reduce the bitter taste without adding any taste of the own. They also reduce the acidity of the coffee too. Add 1 teaspoon of crushed eggshells to your coffee grounds and brew your coffee the way you always do. As a bonus you can toss the used coffee grounds with the eggshell particles in your garden to nourish the soil.

2. Keep Your Garden Happy
   You’ve probably used agricultural lime to condition and nourish your soil. Eggshells nourish your plants with calcium and other minerals, as they are 97 percent calcium carbonate and contain traces of other minerals, such as phosphorous, magnesium, sodium and potassium. Although It's a common misconception that you can't put eggshells in compost piles because the shell is too hard, but that's not true, The shells will decompose quickly and naturally, and feed valuable nutrients such as calcium into the soil, it will also repel slugs and snails as the jagged edges of the crushed shells will irritate the skin of the insects and keep them away. Eggshells also prevent plants  from rotting too. Eggshells are cheap compared to fertilizers, why not consider using it for a try.

3. Keep Your Clothes from Greying
   If you add some eggshells and lemon slices to a laundry safe bag and then add it to your load of laundry, your clothes will hold their color better. The eggshells will maintain the color in your clothes by preventing the soap deposit responsible for turning clothes grey and dirty.

4. Make a Homemade Calcium Supplement
   Ninety percent of the content of the eggshells is calcium carbonate. Experts recommend using eggshells to prepare a calcium supplement for strengthening bones and preventing bone-associated disorders. The powder extracted from eggshells contains natural calcium and other elements like fluorine and strontium that strengthen human cartilage and bones, which also prevent and treat osteoporosis. Eggshell calcium also reduces and provide relief from the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. It is an inexpensive alternative to purchasing supplements from the drug store.
  Boil the shells on high heat to thoroughly cleanse them of bacteria and other unwanted substances. Boil for about ten minutes, remove the pot from the heat, strain the water out and set your eggshells aside. Dry them in a microwave for a few minutes or an oven at 200 degrees for 10 to 15 minutes.  Crush the eggshells with your hands and then grind them in a coffee grinder or food processor for a couple of minutes. Your calcium supplement is now ready. Drink 1 teaspoon daily (Taking more than a teaspoon per day may irritate some people’s stomachs). You can mix it in with half a glass of water or fresh fruit juice.

5. Make Homemade Chalk
   Making homemade chalk is incredibly easy. Just mix a teaspoon of flour with a teaspoon of hot water,add a tablespoon of crushed eggshells and some food coloring. Shape or mold the chalk, let it dry for a few days.

6. Remove Tea and Coffee Stains from Mugs
   We all have old cups and mugs that have become stained inside from holding caffeinated drinks over a prolonged period. Rather than throwing out that mug, you can use eggshells to take off those hideous stains. Fill the stained mug with warm water and throw in the boiled eggshell powder. Let the mixture sit in the mug overnight. The stains will be lightened or vanished completely.

7. Treat Irritated Skin
   You may probably think that rubbing eggshells on your skin would irritate the skin, not heal it, because they are sharp. Eggshells are high in calcium, and calcium is a  remedy for skin problems such as acne and rashes. So treatment made of eggshells and vinegar can help treat inflamed skin. Simply leave some crushed eggshells in a bowl with vinegar until the shells dissolve. It usually take a day or two, and then rub it on your skin.

8. Make a Scouring Pad
   Whenever you run out of scouring pad do not fret as eggshells also doubles as a scouring pad. Simply crush up some eggshells and drizzle soapy water on them. Then add the shells and soap to a sponge or dish towel, and scrub your pots and pans clean of any pesky food bits.

9. Make Remineralizing Toothpaste
   Our enamel is composed of minerals that protects your teeth from weakness and decay. Sugary and caffeinated beverages or junk foods too often can cause the bacteria in our mouth to react with the sugar to generate acid, which gradually wears off the enamel and all the essential
minerals with it. A solution made of chicken eggshell powder is able to remineralize the enamel of people who had suffered teeth lesions. Eggshells toothpaste helps strengthen your teeth and refurbish it with minerals. Overtime, it sufficiently remineralizes your teeth. Simply mix boiled eggshells powder in a small bowl, add 1 to 3 tablespoons of coconut oil, 1 tablespoon of baking soda and 10 drops of peppermint essential oil (optional). Store it in a small jar and use it every morning as you would regular toothpaste to brush your teeth.

10. Prank Your Friends
   For a hilarious moment, you can bake a cake inside a mostly whole eggshell. All you need to do is cut a small hole in an egg, empty out the contents, fill it with cake dough, and bake it. it.The eggshell cakes will look and feel just like hard-boiled eggs from the outside.

12 NATURAL SKIN LIGHTENING METHOD

   The color of your skin depends on various factors. Dark skin tone are mainly caused by the pigment called melanin. which is produced in the skin cells known as melanocytes. If you have darker skin, it means your melanocytes produces more melanin.  But sometimes, darker skin is not your natural skin color. It can be caused by harsh weather or overexposure to sun, environmental pollution, poor lifestyle choices, medical condition, stress, and prolonged use of chemical-based cosmetic products. If your dark skin is not due to genetic reasons,it is not a totally bad idea to want to lighten your skin. If done properly, you are only restoring the natural skin tone. But the market is now flooded with skin-lightening creams and lotions, and some of these products have harmful, harsh chemicals that can  damage your skin and even lead to deadly skin diseases. Some of these products are also very expensive.
   You can actually save yourself some time and money by using natural remedies that will effectively brighten and lighten your skin complexion without any side effects. However, they do take time and patience to achieve your desired goal. Check out the natural ingredients you can use to lighten your complexion:

1. Oranges
   Vitamin C is the most important ingredient in skin care. Orange contains vitamin C, it also have have bleaching properties that can lighten your skin tone. Regular consumption of either fresh orange or juice can greatly improve the overall texture of your skin and it's suppleness.
Procedure:
1. Make a paste of two tablespoons of orange juice and a pinch of
powdered turmeric. Apply the paste on your face, hands, leg and neck before going to bed. Wash off after 20 to 30 minutes. Do this daily until you get a bright skin tone than before.
2. This second method is by using the orange peel; Grind dried orange peels into powder. Mix 1 tablespoon of the powdered peels with 1 tablespoon of plain not flavored yogurt, to make a paste. Apply the paste on the face, neck and other dark areas of the skin. Leave it to sit for about 20 minutes and then rinse it with water. Repeat the same process for about 2 – 3 times a week. This process helps to lighten up the spots and other marks on the face, to get rid of the dark patches on the skin and also to have even skin tone all over the body.

2. Pawpaw
   Pawpaw is regularly used in various beauty treatments and can also be used to lighten skin complexion. It contains natural bleaching properties and the general cleansing properties of pawpaw will cleanse the skin of impurities that could be causing it to darken, thereby making your skin glow with health. Eat Pawpaw as a fruit.
Procedure:
1. Rub the inner part of a pawpaw on your face, leave it on to dry. Then wash your face with cold water and pat it dry. Do this on a daily basis,  it will give your skin a nice glow.
2. Make a mixture of ripe pawpaw and mix it with one cup of freshly squeezed lemon juice. Massage the mixture all over your face and neck. Leave it on for at least 30 minutes. Then wash it off with cold water. Do this at least once a week

3. Milk
   Milk is a rich source of calcium. Calcium helps to regulate the normal
color of the skin, along with many important functions in our body. It
stimulate melanocytes, the skin cells that produces melanin pigment. Thereby acting an effective barrier to help prevent the skin from losing moisture. This prevents skin from going dry which can also affect your skin and  make it darker. Lactic acid in milk also helps to reduce the skin pigmentation making your skin lighter in complexion.
Procedure :
1. Wqrm 1 cup of either cow or goat milk (make sure it's not hot). Then get a clean cloth and soak it in the warm milk. Take out the cloth and wring it to discard the excessive milk from the cloth.  The cloth has to be fully soaked in warm milk but it should not drip. Gently rub your skin with this cloth for few minutes till the cloth gets dried. Soak it again in the milk and repeat the process for 3-5 times continuously. Do this daily, preferably after taking bath. Then follow it twice a week instead of daily after a couple of weeks

4. Aloe Vera Gel
    Hyperpigmentation is one of the main causes of uneven skin tone. Aloe vera can make hyperpigmentation less severe and restore your skin’s original color. The cooling effect of aloe vera also helps rebuild damaged tissue,and regenerate new cells which is important for healthy skin.
Procedure :
1. Squeeze out the thick, jelly-like substance. Apply the gel thoroughly on your skin. Leave it on for about 30 minutes, and then wash off with water. Do this at least twice daily for two weeks. You can use aloe vera gel if you don't have the plant

5. Yogurt
   Just like milk, yogurt a by-product of milk, has many nutrients that are good for the skin. It contains lactic acid that has natural skin lightening properties. This acid is the most gentle alphahydroxy acids (AHAs). Alpha hydroxy acids act as exfoliants by contributing in rapid shedding of dead skin cells on the surface. This leads to cell renewal which removes dullness from your skin. The lactic acid also suppress the production of melanin.
Procedure:
1. Gently rub plain yogurt onto your skin. Leave it on for a few minutes and then wash it off with lukewarm water. Do this once daily for several weeks,
2. Mix one tablespoon of fresh yogurt with 1-2 tablespoon of honey. Apply this mixture to your skin. Leave it for on 10-15 minutes and then wash off with water. Repeat daily.
3. Add a little lemon juice and some oatmeal to yogurt to make a thick paste, and apply it as a face mask. Leave it there for 15-20 minutes before washing off with water. This help keep your skin supple and moisturized.
  These remedies are suitable for all skin types.

6. Turmeric
   Turmeric helps build up the kind of melanin content to maintain an even
skin tone thereby improving skin complexion. It also has antiseptic and antioxidant properties that are good for the skin overall health,
Procedure :
1. Make a mixture of 2 teaspoons gram flour, 1-2 teaspoon of turmeric powder and 1 teaspoon of lemon juice. Apply this mask on face and neck.  Leave it on for 20 to 25 minutes or until it is dry. Scrub off the dried mask and then rinse your skin with lukewarm water
2. Mix turmeric powder and milk cream to make a thick paste. Apply the paste on your skin. Allow it to dry and then wash it off with lukewarm water. Do this regularly.

7. Cucumber
   Supple and firm skin often has an even and light skin tone. Cucumber binds collagen and ensures that your skin is firm as well as supple. It also has a cooling effect on your skin.
Procedure:
1. Place cucumber slices directly on the dark skin areas in need of lightening treatment. Leave them on for a few minutes. Remove them. Then rinse your skin with lukewarm water.
2. Grate a cucumber and mix it with honey to make a spot-reducing mask. Apply the mask on your face and neck. Leave it on for 15 to 20 minutes and then rinse it off with cold water. Do this twice daily.
3. Mix 1 teaspoon each of lemon juice and cucumber juice. Apply it on your face. Leave it on for 15 to 20 minutes or until it dries. Wash it off with
water. Do this once daily.

8. Oatmeal
   Oatmeal helps exfoliate the skin, leaving it supple and soft by getting rid of old skin cells and leading to growth of new skin cells to improve your skin tone.
Procedure :
1. Apply a mixture of oatmeal with tomato juice on your face. Leave it on for 20 minutes. Rinse off with cold water. While rinsing, rub it gently so that the oatmeal can scrub off the dead skin cells. Do this on a daily basis.
2. Mix one teaspoon of oatmeal powder, a pinch of turmeric and a few drops of lemon juice to make a thick paste. Apply the paste on your face and let it dry. Rinse off the dry mask with warm water. Do this once daily.

9. Tomatoes
   Tomatoes have natural whitening property that help to lighten up your skin. It is rich in vitamin C and also has astringent property that makes it a best remedy for treating dark skin, especially for people who suffer from acne prone or oily skin.
Procedure:
1. Grate a small tomato to extract its pulp. Then take this pulp into your hands. Apply this on all over the skin where you have dark discoloration on the skin. Allow it to dry completely. Then apply another coating of this
pulp on the same applied skin. Do the same process of reapplying the pulp on the skin for about 15 to 25 minutes. Massage the applied area gently for a minute or two after completing the reapplication process. Rinse off with water. Do this daily.

10. Rice Powder
   Women from Asian countries are familiar with the rice powder for skin lightening as they have long used rice water and rice powder to tone and whiten their skin. Rice is a rich source of para aminobenzoic acid (PABA) which acts as a natural sunscreen. Consumption of PABA, raises the level of Vitamin C in your body. Rice also has ferulic acid, an antioxidant, which when added to Vitamin C and E, provides you excellentprotection against sun. It also has anti aging effects on skin.
Procedure :
1. Grind the rice to get its fine powder. Add enough milk to the powder to make a paste. You can  use water if you are allergic to milk. Apply this rice powder paste to your face and neck. Leave for 20-30 minutes. Rinse off with warm water. Repeat 2-3 times a week.

11. Honey
   Honey acts as a moisturizing agent and also works as a skin lightening agent. Honey has antibacterial properties that can help fade age spots and acne scars. Honey help remove dead skin cells, making your skin to appear brighter and fresher than before.
Procedure :
1. Apply pure honey to your face. Leave it on for a few minutes. Then wash it off with lukewarm water.
2. Combine 1 teaspoon of honey and lemon juice, 1 tablespoon of powdered milk, and 1 teaspoon of almond oil. To make a skin-lightening mask. Mix well and apply it gently on the skin. Leave it on for 10 to15 minutes and then wash it off with cold water. Do this every day.

12. Lemon Juice
   Lemon juice is a natural astringent. Its astringent property will tighten your pores reducing the sebum secretion. It also has natural bleaching properties due to it's acidic property. The high amount of vitamin C in them encourages new cell production so that you get rid of all dullness
and have bright skin. Lemons also have antioxidants that are very good for skin complexion. Never go out in sun after applying lemon juice to your skin. It lead to more discoloration of skin. Lemon juice makes your skin ultra sensitive to sunrays. Also do not use lemon juice if you have open wounds  or cuts on your skin.
Procedure :
1. Squeeze the juice out of a lemon. Dip a cotton ball in the lemon juice. Apply it directly on your face. Leave it on for 20-30 minutes. wash off with water. Repeat daily.
2. Cut a lemon in half. Rub directly over the affected skin and allow the
juice to stick to the skin. Then leave the juice on your face for another
10-15 minutes before washing it off.
3. For oily skin. Mix 1 teaspoon of lemon juice with 2 teaspoons of rosewater and 1 teaspoon of Fuller’s earth. Make a paste by mixing them and apply
to your face. Leave for 15-20 minutes and then wash off.
4. For dry skin. Mix 1 teaspoon each of lemon juice, honey and olive oil. Apply to your skin. Massage gently for a couple of minutes. Then leave this on your skin for 10-15 minutes. Wash off with lukewarm water.