HEALTH BENEFITS OF DRINKING WATER

    Water is the main component of the human body. Adequate and regular water consumption has numerous health benefits. Experts recommend drinking 8 glasses of water each day to maintain good health. It has no calories, fat or sugar, and as such has no negative side effects unlike sugary drinks that comes with numerous health hazards. To make it more enjoyable you can add a squirt of lemon, few sprigs of fresh mint, a squeeze of lime, a cucumber or orange slice or even watermelon. The amount of water you consume everyday plays an important role in maintaining a healthy body. Checkout some of the benefits of healthy water consumption.

1. Relieves Fatigue
   Fatigue is one of the first symptoms of dehydration.  Inadequate consumption of water can make someone often feel tired, because the body tends to function less efficiently. When there is less water in the body, the blood volume drop, and it causes the heart to work harder to pump oxygenated blood out in the bloodstream, and other major organs also work less efficiently. For the body to function better, it's advised to drink adequate water always.

2. Aids Weight Loss
   Drinking water could also help with weight loss . It removes by-products of fat, it raises your metabolism and it helps increase the rate at which the body burns fat. Drinking two to eight- ounce glasses of water prior to meals can help suppress appetite by filling your tummy and reducing the tendency to eat more, it also raises your metabolism. Since water has zero calories, it is a great replacement for high calorie drinks like alcohol, sugary drinks and sodas that often contribute to weight gain.

3. Brain Boost
   Since the brain is mostly water, drinking it promotes clearer thinking and make one to focus, concentrate better, stay refreshed and be more alert.

4. Aids in Digestion and Constipation
    Water is essential to digest your food and prevents constipation.Inadequate water in the body often results in constipation as the colon pulls water from the stools to maintain hydration, which makes it harder and difficult to pass. Drinking enough water adds fluids to the colon which helps make things move smoothly. It also boosts your metabolism and helps
the body properly break down food and promotes regular bowel movements.

5. Improves Mood
  Mild dehydration can negatively affect your mood and ability to think. When the body is functioning at its best, you will feel great and be happy.

6  Headaches and Migraines Remedy
   Headaches and migraines are often caused by dehydration. Drinking  plenty water can reduce headaches and migraines and also reduce the intensity of headaches too.

7. Pain prevention
   Muscles cramps, strain and aching joints can occur if the body is dehydrated. Drinking plenty water helps keep the muscles more elastic and makes the joints lubricated. So joint pain and cramps is less likely.

8. Flushes Out Toxins
   Water is an excellent detoxifier. It helps flush out toxins from your body and get rid of waste primarily through sweat and urination, which reduces kidney stones by diluting the salts and minerals in urine. It also promote kidney function. Kidneys need enough fluids to clear away what we don’t need in the body. It also helps reduces the risk of urinary tract infections.

9. Promotes Healthy Skin
   Certain toxins in the body can cause the skin to inflame, which results in clogged pores and acne. Water keeps the body well hydrated and improves capillary blood flow. Drinking plenty of water helps replenish skin tissues and increases the elasticity in your skin. This will make your skin fresh, soft, moisturized, glowing and smooth. It also helps prevent pimples, scars and wrinkles, thereby promoting a healthy and younger-looking skin.

11. Sickness fighter
   Someone who drinks plenty of water is less likely to get sick. Water may help with decongestion and dehydration, and help the body bounce back when feeling down. Drinking plenty of water helps fight against flu, cancer and other ailments like heart attacks. But is should not be replaced for a trip to the doctor or other remedies.

12. Regulates Body Temperature
   Water also helps regulate body temperature. This is as a result of the thermal properties of water and it's ability to release heat from the body when sweat evaporates from the surface of the skin. This regulates an even body temperature, and since the temperature is well regulated you will most likely to feel more energetic when exercising.

13.  Beats Bad Breath
   Water keeps the mouth moist washes away bacteria and food particles and dilutes the smelly compounds that oral bacteria create. Drink enough water and also rinse your mouth with water, after having a meal or snack to control odors and remove bacteria and food from your teeth.

14. Hangover Help
   Help a hangover with a glass of water to rehydrate the body and speed up recovery, and also stop that pounding headache. Each time you've had too much alcohol, experts recommend drinking 17 to 20 ounces of water at night before going to bed.

TIPS
- Drink about 8 to 10 glass of water everyday
- Drink a glass of water as soon as you wake up, and 30 minutes before
   eating any big meal to help control your appetite.
- Keep a water bottle on hand at all times.
- You can squeeze a little lime or add a cucumber or mint to spice up the
   taste buds.

TIPS FOR MAINTAINING A HEALTHY PREGNANCY

1. Health
   A woman’s health is essential to the good health of her baby. As soon as you find out you're pregnant, get in touch with a gynecologist or a midwife to organise your antenatal care. Women who go for regular prenatal care are less likely to have complications and they're also more likely to successfully give birth to a healthy baby.  Attending all prenatal care checkups will also help your doctor carefully monitor you and your growing baby throughout your pregnancy.

2. Opt for a Balanced Diet
   Eating a nutritious diet during pregnancy have a direct influence on the health of the unborn baby. The food a woman eats during pregnancy is linked to good fetal brain development, a healthy or normal birth weight, and lowers  the risk of many birth defects. Healthy diet is a must during pregnancy. It also reduces the risk of pregnancy complications like anemia, morning sickness and fatigue. Good nutrition also help balance mood swings and it may improve labor and delivery as well. A well-balanced pregnancy diet includes, plenty of nuts, vegetables, fruits and fresh fish to help your body get protein, vitamin C, carbohydrates calcium, iron and adequate fat. Foods rich in Omega 3 and Omega 6 oils. Eat organic foods, especially leafy greens to build an iron- rich blood supply, and try to have five portions of fruits and vegetables daily. Along with food drink plenty of pure water, switch to green tea and real fruit juices. Avoid coffee and sodas.

3. Exercise Regularly
   Regular moderate exercise during pregnancy ensures proper health of
the mother as well as the newborn. Exercise helps:
- Alleviate Constipation
- Relieves leg cramps, swelling of the ankles and back pain
- Improve sleep
- Help ward off depression
- Increase energy levels
- It helps to cope better with the hard work of labour
- It makes it easier to get back into shap after your baby is born
- Enhances the newborn child’s brain development.
   Avoid sports that have a risk of falls or knocks, or put extra stress on your joints. Before starting any new exercise, it’s important to talk to your doctor.  Good exercise choices for pregnancy include, Aerobic exercises, such as walking, brisk walking, jogging, swimming prenatal dance classes, and yoga. These exercise stimulate the heart and lungs as well as muscle and joint activity,it also improves circulation and increases muscle tone and strength. There are other exercise designed specifically for pregnant women that help to improve posture,  build strength and promote better circulation and respiration. Some of these exercises are Squatting and Kegel exercises. Kegel exercises focus on the vaginal and perineal muscles and are thought to help women maintain good muscle tone and control in the perineal area, which can aid in delivery and recovery after birth. However, if you were not physically active before getting pregnant, talk with your doctor about what exercise you can do during your pregnancy.

4. Getting Sick During Pregnancy
   Pregnant women are more susceptible to certain infections, like the common cold or flu. Though such illnesses can make you feel very unwell, most will not affect your developing baby. Some of the more common illnesses besides all of the symptoms that go along with pregnancy, include common cold,flu runny nose and upset stomach. It’s important to talk to your doctor about treatments that are safe to use for any illnesses during pregnancy. Talk to your doctor about your health history. They can tell you
whether or not there are risks to your baby’s health.

5. Avoid Certain Foods
    There are some foods it's safest not to eat in pregnancy to protect yourself and your unborn baby from bacteria or parasitic infections. These foods pose a threat to your health and can harm the health of your baby and cause birth complications . Such infection causing bacteria and parasites are:
1. Listeriosis- Caused by listeria bacteria. It doesn't usually pose a threat to your health. However,  it can cause pregnancy or birth complications and even lead to miscarriage. Food to avoid are, unpasteurised milk and juice,  undercooked ready meals and soft cheeses. Make sure you heat ready meals thoroughly before eating as listeria bacteria are destroyed by heat. Also make sure that all milk, cheese, and juice are pasteurized.
2. Toxoplasmosis- This is an infection caused by a parasite. It rare and it can affect your unborn baby. You can lower your risk of catching it by, washing fruit and vegetables well to remove soil or dirt, cooking meat and ready meals thoroughly and wearing gloves when handling pet litter and garden soil.
3. Salmonella- It can cause food poisoning.  It can be transmitted from
refrigerated, smoked seafood and undercooked meat, fish high in mercury and raw sprouts, poultry and seafood. Thoroughly wash utensils, boards and your hands after handling raw poultry and cook eggs until the white and yolk are solid, do not eat soft-boiled or raw eggs during pregnancy.
   Pregnant women should ensure that their food is obtained from reputable establishments, cooked properly and consumed within a couple of days of purchasing. Speak to your doctor about allergies, so you'll know foods to avoid.

6. Take Necessary Supplements
   Most nutrients needed during pregnancy should come from food, but prenatal vitamin supplements play an important role. They can help if you're worried you're not eating well, or you're too sick to eat much, and as such not getting the right nutrients that the developing fetus needs. Make sure your supplement contains 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid and iron  because it's necessary to prevent neural tube defects such as spina bifida and iron helps in the baby’s overall growth. Your supplement should also contain calcium and vitamin D for proper bone development in babies. If you don't eat fish, fish oil supplements may be helpful. Choose a supplement made from the body of the fish, not the liver and Omega-3 fatty acid supplements also can promote a baby’s brain development. However, these pregnancy  supplements are not a substitute for a balanced diet. Talk to your doctor before you start taking prenatal vitamins. They can help you decide which type is best for you.

7. Get Plenty of Rest and Sleep
    Getting adequate sleep during pregnancy is vital. Pregnancy causes several hormonal changes in the body that can lead to fatigue and exhaustion. To help your body overcome this, it is important to get adequate rest. Sleep deprivation during pregnancy can lead to longer labor,discomfort during labor, higher cesarean rates and preterm labor. Sleep  nourishes the development of the unborn baby and provide energy to the mother needed for labor and delivery. Factors that cause sleep problem during pregnancy include backache, leg cramps, morning sickness ,heartburn, and endless bathroom trips. Backaches is one of the main causes  and if backache is disturbing your sleep, try sleeping on your left-hand side with your knees bent. Placing a wedge-shaped pillow under your bump may help ease the strain on your back. Exercise may also give you some relief from backache. You can also  try relaxation techniques which are safe in pregnancy before you go to bed, such as deep breathing, yoga visualisation, stretching and warm massage.For a healthy pregnancy, you need restful and quality sleep.

8. Manage Stress
   Feeling stressed during pregnancy is normal, but the stress level should be under control. Stress hormones can impact the health of the unborn baby. Stress during pregnancy is related to a child’s motor development, as well as mental  outcomes in middle childhood and into adolescence. Stress can make pregnant women overwhelmed and fatigued all the time,  it can causes low blood flow to the baby, thereby making it hard for important nutrients to reach the baby’s developing organs and it can result in premature labor due to the release of contraction-triggering hormones. To manage stress, talk to your partner, friends,family members and doctor about your fears and problems

9. Do Pelvic Floor Exercises
    Your pelvic floor comprises a hammock of muscles at the base of
your pelvis. These exercise are great for strengthening the muscles that support your bladder, vagina and back passage, because pregnancy hormones can also cause your pelvic floor to slacken slightly and feel weaker. Pelvic floor exercises can aid in smooth delivery and quick recovery after birth. It also helps prevent urinary incontinence.

10. Cutting out bad habits
   It’s important to cut out smoking, drug use, and alcohol consumption when pregnant as these have been linked to serious complications and risks for both mother and baby.
- Alcohol: Any alcohol consumed rapidly reaches your baby via the blood
stream and placenta. Hence, it is important to avoid alcohol during pregnancy. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy is linked with a wide range of problems in the developing baby such as miscarriage,premature labor and delivery stillbirth. It can also cause fetal alcohol syndrome, which causes low body weight, abnormal appearance, short height and low intelligence, and other problems in the newborn. Reports says that prenatal alcohol is the leading preventable cause of birth defects and intellectual and neurodevelopmental disabilities. Also, do not drink any alcohol while trying to become pregnant.
- Smoking: Smoking during pregnancy can cause serious health problems,
for you and your baby. It affects blood flow and oxygen delivery to a baby. Pregnant women should not smoke before, during or after pregnancy and should try to avoid secondhand smoke as well. Pregnancy complications linked to smoking are:
Ectopic pregnancy
Vaginal bleeding
Nausea and vomiting (morning sickness).
Premature placental detachment and abruption
Premature labor and delivery
Cot death (SIDS)
Smoking also cause low birth-weight babies, which  is the most common cause of death and illness in the first few weeks of life.

VITILIGO

WHAT IS VITILIGO?
   Vitiligo is a disease in which white patches of skin appear on different parts of the body. This happens because the cells that make pigment (color) in the skin are destroyed. These cells are called melanocytes. The extent and rate of color loss from vitiligo is unpredictable. Vitiligo can be focal and localized to one area, or it may affect several different areas on the body. It can also affect the mucous membranes such as the tissue inside the mouth and nose and the eye, it may also affect hair. Vitiligo affects people of all skin types, but it may be more noticeable in people with darker skin because of the contrast of white patches against dark skin. Vitiligo is not painful, life threatening or contagious, as such, it does not have any significant health consequences. However, it can have emotional and  psychological consequences, because it can make you feel bad about yourself. Vitiligo tends to run in families. Treatment for vitiligo does not cure the disease, but it may improve the appearance of the affected skin thereby reducing the severity of the condition. Vitiligo can start at any age, but most often appears before age 20.

CAUSES OF VITILIGO
   The cause of vitiligo is not known, but most experts believe that it is an autoimmune disease. These disease happen when your melanin-forming cells (melanocytes) die or stop producing melanin. Doctors don't know why the cells fail or die but some researchers think that the melanocytes destroy themselves. Or thier immune system mistakenly attacks and destroy the melanocytes in the skin. Other researchers think that a single event such as sunburn or emotional distress can cause vitiligo. The involved patches of skin become lighter or white.

SYMPTOMS OF VITILIGO
1. Skin discoloration- The main sign of vitiligo is white patches on the skin. They are most common in areas of the skin that is exposed to the sun, such as hands, feet, arms, face, and lips. The patches may also be on the elbows, knees, nostrils, navel, genitals and rectum.
2. Loss of or change in color of the retina.
3. Premature whitening or graying of the hair on your scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows or beard.
4. Loss of color inside the mouth and nose (mucous membranes).

TYPES OF VITILIGO
  The parts of the body covered by the discolored patches, depends on the type of vitiligo you have. They are:
1. Generalized Vitiligo - This is when the discolored patches covers many parts of the body.
2. Segmental Vitiligo - The patches are only on one side or part of the body. This type tends to occur at a younger age, progress for a year or two, then stop.
3. Focal or Localized Vitiligo - The patches are on one or only a few areas of the body.

WILL THE WHITE PATCHES SPREAD?
   It's difficult to predict how the disease will progress. For some people,
the white patches do not spread and stop forming without treatment. But in some cases the white patches spreads and eventually involves most of the skin. For some people, vitiligo spreads slowly, over many years, but for other people, it spreads quickly. So there is no way to tell if it will spread.

RISK FACTORS
1. Vitiligo is connected with three other autoimmune diseases (Addison disease, Hyperthyroidism and Pernicious anemia). So people with this diseases are more likely to get vitiligo than people who don't have any autoimmune diseases.
2. Family history (heredity)
3. Trigger event such as sunburn, or exposure to industrial chemicals.
4. Stress or physical illness.
5. Rash, or other skin problem.
6. Sensitivity to the sun.

TREATMENT
   Vitiligo is difficult to treat. Treatment can have unwanted side effects, take a long time, and sometimes don’t work, but treatment may help make the skin look more even. Some treatments are not right for everyone, as the choice of treatment depends on, The number of white patches and how widespread the patches are. Treatment options include:
1. Surgical treatment - Skin may be grafted from normally pigmented areas and placed onto areas where there is pigment loss. The doctor takes skin from one area of a patient’s body and attaches it to another area and tattooing small areas of skin. This is sometimes used for people with small patches of vitiligo.
2. Phototherapy treatment - The skin is carefully exposed to ultraviolet light. A dermatologist applies medicines such as corticosteroid creams or ointments and immunosuppressant creams. Or topical drugs such as methoxsalen (Oxsoralen) that makes your skin sensitive to light.
3. Medical treatments - This treatment includes, Medicines (such as creams) that you put on the skin, drugs and removing the color from other areas so they match the white patches.
Most treatments are aimed at restoring color to the white patches of skin. Other treatments include, use of sunscreens and cosmetics, such as makeup or dye, to mask the white patches.

COMPLICATIONS
1. Hearing loss.
2. Social or psychological distress.
3. Sunburn and skin cancer.
4. Eye problems, such as inflammation of the iris.
5. Side effects due to treatment, such as dry skin and itching.

HOW TO COPE WITH VITILIGO?
1. Counseling and support
2. Learn about the disorder and treatment choices. This can help you make decisions about your treatment.
3. Try and improve appearance by the use of cosmetics to cover white patches. This can make you feel better about yourself.

10 WARNING SIGNS OF CERVICAL CANCER YOU SHOULDN’T IGNORE

   Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. It occurs in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Cervical cervical does not show any symptoms in its early stages. The symptoms are more prominent, after the disease has spread to the bladder, liver, intestines or lungs. Chances of successfully treating cervical cancer are higher if it is detected during the early stages. Being an adult woman, if you notice any unusual changes or symptoms affecting your reproductive organs, consult your doctor immediately,  because women of all ages who are sexually active are at risk of developing this cancer
Some of the most typical warning signs that shouldn't be ignored are as follow:

1. Vaginal Discharge
   A little bit of vaginal discharge without color or odor is normal. but significant changes in discharge are still worth getting checked out. it could be a result of bacterial vaginosis, menopause symptoms, or yeast infection. But when the  discharge becomes heavy, pale, watery, brownish or mixed with blood, it could be a sign of onset cervical cancer. If you experience this symptom, report it to your doctor immediately.

2. Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
   Of all the symptoms, this is likely the most common. Abnormal vaginal bleeding between periods, after intercourse, or after menopause could be due to other medical conditions such as a hormonal imbalance, pelvic inflammatory disease or an infection in the pelvic organs. it might also be sign of possible cervical cancer. As cancer spreads to nearby tissues, it creates new, abnormal capillaries that break easily and cause bleeding. These bleeding may occur after sexual intercourse, between menstrual periods and after menopause. If you are experiencing abnormal bleeding then you definitely want to contact your doctor. Women who are postmenopausal and no longer have periods should pay close attention to this symptom.

3. Loss of Bladder Control
   Frequent urination is common among pregnant women and people who have increased their fluid intake. But change in urine and urinary habits can also be symptoms of cervical cancer. Bladder control is one area of the body where cervical cancer commonly spreads. It indicates that the cancer has spread beyond a localized area and is affecting the bladder or other parts of the urinary tract. If you experience loss of bladder control coupled with blood in the urine seekthe input of a medical professional.

4. Irregular And Heavy Menstrual Periods
   There should be some level of consistency when it comes to monthly periods. Heavy bleeding can be due to hormonal imbalance, fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis or thyroid, liver or kidney disease or due to certain medications. But menstrual periods that are heavier and longer than normal are another common warning sign of cervical cancer. This is as a result of irritation of the cervix, possibly due to spread of cervical cancer. Bleeding is considered heavy if you have to change sanitary napkins or tampons more than once every 2 hours. Consult a physician if there is any change in the consistency of monthly periods and also if the inconsistencies persist.

5. Leg Pain
   Some women diagnosed with early stages of cervical cancer experience swelling and pain in the leg. This is as a result of swelling in the cervix which obstructs blood flow, and eventually causes the leg to swell and gives a sore, painful sensation. The pain tends to be constant and increases in intensity over time making it hard to carry out your day-to-day activities.

6.  Discomfort While Urinating
   Keeping track of urination can help reveal the presence of cervical cancer in several ways as cervical cancer can also cause discomfort during urination. It is one of the most obvious and prevalent symptoms of the deadly disease. This is normally described as a tight and concentrating stinging sensation while urinating. Such symptoms occur when the cancer has spread to nearby tissue. However, this type of pain is a sign of something far less serious, like a urinary tract infection, bladder problem,
yeast infection or STDS.

7. Unexplained Loss of Weight and Fatigue
   Unexplained weight loss can indicate cervical cancer.  The body produces small proteins called cytokines, which break down fat at a much higher rate than normal. This leads to weight loss, irrespective of your diet. The immune system works hard to fight it. Your body then becomes tired as a result of these various biological processes. Although these symptoms can be a result of other factors, but when other symptoms are present, It’s important that you get a medical checkup.

8. Pelvic Pain
   Cramping and aches are a normal part of the menstrual cycle, so pelvic pain is a fairly routine burden of being a woman. But when pain lasts for longer periods of time, occurs frequently, or becomes more intense than it could be a sign of cervical cancer. It is advised to visit a doctor.

9. Body Pain
  Body pain is a common symptom of cervical cancer. It’s common for women with cervical cancer to have prolonged pain which increases as time goes on and it can make basic simple movements difficult to do. Although body pain can happen for a wide variety of reasons, but if accompanied with other symptoms from the list, go for a medical check-up.

10. Painful intercourse (Dyspareunia)
   An infection or STD can be the cause of discomfort during sexual intercourse, but it is another important warning sign of cervical cancer. Pain during sex is a late symptom of cervical cancer, and it indicates advanced cervical cancer, which means the cancer has spread throughout the reproductive organs and tissues and the pain is usually accompanied with vaginal discharge This symptom should not be ignored.

SICKLE CELL DISEASE

What Is Sickle Cell Disease?
   Sickle cell disease is a life-long illness. The term sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited red blood cell disorders. “Inherited” means that the disease is passed by genes from parents to their children. The sickle cell gene is passed from generation to generation in a pattern of inheritance called autosomal recessive inheritance. If only one parent passes the sickle cell gene to the child, that child will have the sickle cell trait. People with this condition can make both normal hemoglobin and sickle cell hemoglobin. Their blood may contain some sickle cells, which they can pass on to their children. Sickle cell disease is not contagious. A person cannot catch it, like a cold or infection, from someone else.
   Most children with SCD are pain free between painful crises, but adolescents and adults may also suffer chronic pain. The severity of the disease varies widely from person to person. But advances in the diagnosis and care of sickle cell disease have made the life expectancy of a person with sickle cell disease to Raise from 14 years to about 40–60 years in high income countries. Early diagnosis and regular medical care to prevent
complications also contribute to improved well-being.

Cause Of Sickle Cell Disease
   People with sickle cell disease have red blood cells that contain mostly hemoglobin S, an abnormal type of hemoglobin. They usually inherit two of these abnormal hemoglobin genes, one from each parent.
   Hemoglobin is the main substance of the red blood cell. It takes up oxygen in the lungs and carries it to all the tissues of the body. Cells in tissues need a steady supply of oxygen to work well. Normal red blood cells contain hemoglobin A. Hemoglobin S and C are abnormal types of hemoglobin.Normal red blood cells are soft and disc shaped. This shape makes the cells to be flexible so that and can squeeze through tiny blood  vessels to deliver oxygen. Sickle hemoglobin form stiff rods within the red blood cell, changing it into a misshapen, crescent, or sickle shape which are not flexible, thereby making it difficult for the red blood cells to pass through small blood vessels. They can also stick to vessel walls, causing a blockage that slows or stops the flow of blood. When sickle-shaped cells block small blood vessels, oxygen can’t reach nearby tissues and tissues that does not receive a normal blood flow eventually becomes damaged, which is the causes of complications of sickle cell disease. The lack of oxygen in the tissues can cause attacks of severe pain, called pain crises, which can occur suddenly and without warning. Sickle cells can’t change shape easily, so they tend to burst apart or hemolyze. Normal red blood cells live for about 120 before new ones replace them. Red blood cells containing mostly hemoglobin S do not live as long as normal red blood cells (normally about 10 to 20 days). In sickle cell disease the body may have trouble keeping up with how fast the cells are being destroyed. Because of this, the number of red blood cells is usually lower than normal. This condition is called anemia and it can make a person have less energy.
  
Symptoms Of Sickle Cell Disease
  Sickle Cell Disease is usually diagnosed in infancy. A baby born with sickle cell disease starts showing symptoms as early as at 4 months, when the fetal hemoglobin is replaced with Hemoglobin S and the cells become crescent shaped. Some of the signs to look out for include:
- Anemia
- Swollen hands and feet
- Abdominal swelling, especially if the area is tender to touch.
- Episodes of pain
- Delayed growth
- Fever
- increased risk of infection or frequent infections
- Sudden vision problems
- Yellow tint to the skin or whites of the eyes
- Pale skin or nail beds
- Trouble walking or talking
- Unexplained numbness
If you notice any of these symptoms,  contact a doctor immediately.

Types Of Sickle Cell Disease
There are several types of sickle cell disease. depending on the genes inherited, The most common are:
1. Sickle Cell Anemia (SS)- This is when the child receives Hemoglobin S genes from both parents. Patients with this condition have the most fatal anemias.
2. Sickle-Hemoglobin C Disease (SC)- When the child receives the Hemoglobin S gene from one parent and Hemoglobin C gene from anothe. The symptoms are less severe than in Hemoglobin SS type.
3. Sickle Beta-Plus Thalassemia or Hemoglobin S Beta Thalassemia (Sβ) - When the child receive the Hemoglobin B gene along with the Hemoglobin S gene, the hemoglobin production reduces along with the size of the red blood cells, but the biconcave structure remains.
4. Sickle Beta-Zero Thalassemia ( Sβ) - This is a severe form of beta thalassemia. The symptoms are as severe as in Hemoglobin SS type and it's complicated by no roduction of hemoglobin.
There's also Hemoglobin SD and Hemoglobin SE.

Risk Factor
  Sickle cell conditions are inherited from parents, so it comes down to genetics. The types of hemoglobin a person makes in the red blood cells depend upon what hemoglobin genes the person inherits from his or her parents. The gene is more common in families that come from Africa, India, Mediterranean countries, Saudi Arabia, the Caribbean Islands, and South and Central America.

Complications
- Stroke
- Skin ulcers
- Damage to most organs including the spleen, kidneys and liver.
- Priapism (painful prolonged erection)
- Acute chest syndrome
- Gallstones
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Blindness

Treatment
There's no cure for most people with sickle cell anemia. However, treatments can relieve pain and help prevent further problems associated with the disease. If diagnosed at infancy then health can be maintained with penicillin prophylaxis, vaccination against pneumococcus bacteria and folic acid supplementation. Complications are often treated with antibiotics, pain management, intravenous fluids, and surgery all backed by psychosocial support. Therapeutic methods are also available to aid in lengthening the patient's lifespan and managing the symptoms. Hydroxyurea is a therapeutic agent given to sickle cell disease patients with severe anemia, to reduce blood flow velocities in the brain so that chest pain and respiratory symptoms are kept in control. Patients experiencing vascular pain, in the hands and feet, are advised to consume water excessively to keep the blood cells mobile. Bone marrow transplants are administered in cases of severe anemia and respiratory difficulties. Early diagnosis preferably in the newborn period is the key to avoid complications of sickle cell disease.

Preventing Sickle Cell Disease
   Detecting the sickle cell trait before conceiving a baby is the only prevention measure. It is advised to go for blood test followed by a laboratory technique called Hemoglobin Electrophoresis  will determine the type of hemoglobin you have. Electrophoresis differentiates between normal hemoglobin (A), Sickle hemoglobin (S), and other different kinds of hemoglobin (such as C, D, E, etc.).

10 REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD NEVER THROW AWAY EGGSHELLS

   Eggs are packed with nutrients such as calcium, protein and minerals, lets not forget cheap too, and as such millions of people around the world consume eggs every day. But after consuming the eggs most people do not care about the value of the eggshells as the benefits of eggshells are usually understated, so they are always tossed away. Well, I've found some awesome ways to make sure that some of my eggshells serve double duty instead of going straight to the dumpster, and i am going to share them with you.
   Here are 10 great ways to make use of those eggshells that you often give a one-way ticket to the dumpster.

1. Make Your Coffee More Drinkable And Less Acidic
   Though it sounds weird and gross. The alkaline calcium carbonate content of the eggshells combats the acidity of the coffee, which helps reduce the bitter taste without adding any taste of the own. They also reduce the acidity of the coffee too. Add 1 teaspoon of crushed eggshells to your coffee grounds and brew your coffee the way you always do. As a bonus you can toss the used coffee grounds with the eggshell particles in your garden to nourish the soil.

2. Keep Your Garden Happy
   You’ve probably used agricultural lime to condition and nourish your soil. Eggshells nourish your plants with calcium and other minerals, as they are 97 percent calcium carbonate and contain traces of other minerals, such as phosphorous, magnesium, sodium and potassium. Although It's a common misconception that you can't put eggshells in compost piles because the shell is too hard, but that's not true, The shells will decompose quickly and naturally, and feed valuable nutrients such as calcium into the soil, it will also repel slugs and snails as the jagged edges of the crushed shells will irritate the skin of the insects and keep them away. Eggshells also prevent plants  from rotting too. Eggshells are cheap compared to fertilizers, why not consider using it for a try.

3. Keep Your Clothes from Greying
   If you add some eggshells and lemon slices to a laundry safe bag and then add it to your load of laundry, your clothes will hold their color better. The eggshells will maintain the color in your clothes by preventing the soap deposit responsible for turning clothes grey and dirty.

4. Make a Homemade Calcium Supplement
   Ninety percent of the content of the eggshells is calcium carbonate. Experts recommend using eggshells to prepare a calcium supplement for strengthening bones and preventing bone-associated disorders. The powder extracted from eggshells contains natural calcium and other elements like fluorine and strontium that strengthen human cartilage and bones, which also prevent and treat osteoporosis. Eggshell calcium also reduces and provide relief from the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. It is an inexpensive alternative to purchasing supplements from the drug store.
  Boil the shells on high heat to thoroughly cleanse them of bacteria and other unwanted substances. Boil for about ten minutes, remove the pot from the heat, strain the water out and set your eggshells aside. Dry them in a microwave for a few minutes or an oven at 200 degrees for 10 to 15 minutes.  Crush the eggshells with your hands and then grind them in a coffee grinder or food processor for a couple of minutes. Your calcium supplement is now ready. Drink 1 teaspoon daily (Taking more than a teaspoon per day may irritate some people’s stomachs). You can mix it in with half a glass of water or fresh fruit juice.

5. Make Homemade Chalk
   Making homemade chalk is incredibly easy. Just mix a teaspoon of flour with a teaspoon of hot water,add a tablespoon of crushed eggshells and some food coloring. Shape or mold the chalk, let it dry for a few days.

6. Remove Tea and Coffee Stains from Mugs
   We all have old cups and mugs that have become stained inside from holding caffeinated drinks over a prolonged period. Rather than throwing out that mug, you can use eggshells to take off those hideous stains. Fill the stained mug with warm water and throw in the boiled eggshell powder. Let the mixture sit in the mug overnight. The stains will be lightened or vanished completely.

7. Treat Irritated Skin
   You may probably think that rubbing eggshells on your skin would irritate the skin, not heal it, because they are sharp. Eggshells are high in calcium, and calcium is a  remedy for skin problems such as acne and rashes. So treatment made of eggshells and vinegar can help treat inflamed skin. Simply leave some crushed eggshells in a bowl with vinegar until the shells dissolve. It usually take a day or two, and then rub it on your skin.

8. Make a Scouring Pad
   Whenever you run out of scouring pad do not fret as eggshells also doubles as a scouring pad. Simply crush up some eggshells and drizzle soapy water on them. Then add the shells and soap to a sponge or dish towel, and scrub your pots and pans clean of any pesky food bits.

9. Make Remineralizing Toothpaste
   Our enamel is composed of minerals that protects your teeth from weakness and decay. Sugary and caffeinated beverages or junk foods too often can cause the bacteria in our mouth to react with the sugar to generate acid, which gradually wears off the enamel and all the essential
minerals with it. A solution made of chicken eggshell powder is able to remineralize the enamel of people who had suffered teeth lesions. Eggshells toothpaste helps strengthen your teeth and refurbish it with minerals. Overtime, it sufficiently remineralizes your teeth. Simply mix boiled eggshells powder in a small bowl, add 1 to 3 tablespoons of coconut oil, 1 tablespoon of baking soda and 10 drops of peppermint essential oil (optional). Store it in a small jar and use it every morning as you would regular toothpaste to brush your teeth.

10. Prank Your Friends
   For a hilarious moment, you can bake a cake inside a mostly whole eggshell. All you need to do is cut a small hole in an egg, empty out the contents, fill it with cake dough, and bake it. it.The eggshell cakes will look and feel just like hard-boiled eggs from the outside.

12 NATURAL SKIN LIGHTENING METHOD

   The color of your skin depends on various factors. Dark skin tone are mainly caused by the pigment called melanin. which is produced in the skin cells known as melanocytes. If you have darker skin, it means your melanocytes produces more melanin.  But sometimes, darker skin is not your natural skin color. It can be caused by harsh weather or overexposure to sun, environmental pollution, poor lifestyle choices, medical condition, stress, and prolonged use of chemical-based cosmetic products. If your dark skin is not due to genetic reasons,it is not a totally bad idea to want to lighten your skin. If done properly, you are only restoring the natural skin tone. But the market is now flooded with skin-lightening creams and lotions, and some of these products have harmful, harsh chemicals that can  damage your skin and even lead to deadly skin diseases. Some of these products are also very expensive.
   You can actually save yourself some time and money by using natural remedies that will effectively brighten and lighten your skin complexion without any side effects. However, they do take time and patience to achieve your desired goal. Check out the natural ingredients you can use to lighten your complexion:

1. Oranges
   Vitamin C is the most important ingredient in skin care. Orange contains vitamin C, it also have have bleaching properties that can lighten your skin tone. Regular consumption of either fresh orange or juice can greatly improve the overall texture of your skin and it's suppleness.
Procedure:
1. Make a paste of two tablespoons of orange juice and a pinch of
powdered turmeric. Apply the paste on your face, hands, leg and neck before going to bed. Wash off after 20 to 30 minutes. Do this daily until you get a bright skin tone than before.
2. This second method is by using the orange peel; Grind dried orange peels into powder. Mix 1 tablespoon of the powdered peels with 1 tablespoon of plain not flavored yogurt, to make a paste. Apply the paste on the face, neck and other dark areas of the skin. Leave it to sit for about 20 minutes and then rinse it with water. Repeat the same process for about 2 – 3 times a week. This process helps to lighten up the spots and other marks on the face, to get rid of the dark patches on the skin and also to have even skin tone all over the body.

2. Pawpaw
   Pawpaw is regularly used in various beauty treatments and can also be used to lighten skin complexion. It contains natural bleaching properties and the general cleansing properties of pawpaw will cleanse the skin of impurities that could be causing it to darken, thereby making your skin glow with health. Eat Pawpaw as a fruit.
Procedure:
1. Rub the inner part of a pawpaw on your face, leave it on to dry. Then wash your face with cold water and pat it dry. Do this on a daily basis,  it will give your skin a nice glow.
2. Make a mixture of ripe pawpaw and mix it with one cup of freshly squeezed lemon juice. Massage the mixture all over your face and neck. Leave it on for at least 30 minutes. Then wash it off with cold water. Do this at least once a week

3. Milk
   Milk is a rich source of calcium. Calcium helps to regulate the normal
color of the skin, along with many important functions in our body. It
stimulate melanocytes, the skin cells that produces melanin pigment. Thereby acting an effective barrier to help prevent the skin from losing moisture. This prevents skin from going dry which can also affect your skin and  make it darker. Lactic acid in milk also helps to reduce the skin pigmentation making your skin lighter in complexion.
Procedure :
1. Wqrm 1 cup of either cow or goat milk (make sure it's not hot). Then get a clean cloth and soak it in the warm milk. Take out the cloth and wring it to discard the excessive milk from the cloth.  The cloth has to be fully soaked in warm milk but it should not drip. Gently rub your skin with this cloth for few minutes till the cloth gets dried. Soak it again in the milk and repeat the process for 3-5 times continuously. Do this daily, preferably after taking bath. Then follow it twice a week instead of daily after a couple of weeks

4. Aloe Vera Gel
    Hyperpigmentation is one of the main causes of uneven skin tone. Aloe vera can make hyperpigmentation less severe and restore your skin’s original color. The cooling effect of aloe vera also helps rebuild damaged tissue,and regenerate new cells which is important for healthy skin.
Procedure :
1. Squeeze out the thick, jelly-like substance. Apply the gel thoroughly on your skin. Leave it on for about 30 minutes, and then wash off with water. Do this at least twice daily for two weeks. You can use aloe vera gel if you don't have the plant

5. Yogurt
   Just like milk, yogurt a by-product of milk, has many nutrients that are good for the skin. It contains lactic acid that has natural skin lightening properties. This acid is the most gentle alphahydroxy acids (AHAs). Alpha hydroxy acids act as exfoliants by contributing in rapid shedding of dead skin cells on the surface. This leads to cell renewal which removes dullness from your skin. The lactic acid also suppress the production of melanin.
Procedure:
1. Gently rub plain yogurt onto your skin. Leave it on for a few minutes and then wash it off with lukewarm water. Do this once daily for several weeks,
2. Mix one tablespoon of fresh yogurt with 1-2 tablespoon of honey. Apply this mixture to your skin. Leave it for on 10-15 minutes and then wash off with water. Repeat daily.
3. Add a little lemon juice and some oatmeal to yogurt to make a thick paste, and apply it as a face mask. Leave it there for 15-20 minutes before washing off with water. This help keep your skin supple and moisturized.
  These remedies are suitable for all skin types.

6. Turmeric
   Turmeric helps build up the kind of melanin content to maintain an even
skin tone thereby improving skin complexion. It also has antiseptic and antioxidant properties that are good for the skin overall health,
Procedure :
1. Make a mixture of 2 teaspoons gram flour, 1-2 teaspoon of turmeric powder and 1 teaspoon of lemon juice. Apply this mask on face and neck.  Leave it on for 20 to 25 minutes or until it is dry. Scrub off the dried mask and then rinse your skin with lukewarm water
2. Mix turmeric powder and milk cream to make a thick paste. Apply the paste on your skin. Allow it to dry and then wash it off with lukewarm water. Do this regularly.

7. Cucumber
   Supple and firm skin often has an even and light skin tone. Cucumber binds collagen and ensures that your skin is firm as well as supple. It also has a cooling effect on your skin.
Procedure:
1. Place cucumber slices directly on the dark skin areas in need of lightening treatment. Leave them on for a few minutes. Remove them. Then rinse your skin with lukewarm water.
2. Grate a cucumber and mix it with honey to make a spot-reducing mask. Apply the mask on your face and neck. Leave it on for 15 to 20 minutes and then rinse it off with cold water. Do this twice daily.
3. Mix 1 teaspoon each of lemon juice and cucumber juice. Apply it on your face. Leave it on for 15 to 20 minutes or until it dries. Wash it off with
water. Do this once daily.

8. Oatmeal
   Oatmeal helps exfoliate the skin, leaving it supple and soft by getting rid of old skin cells and leading to growth of new skin cells to improve your skin tone.
Procedure :
1. Apply a mixture of oatmeal with tomato juice on your face. Leave it on for 20 minutes. Rinse off with cold water. While rinsing, rub it gently so that the oatmeal can scrub off the dead skin cells. Do this on a daily basis.
2. Mix one teaspoon of oatmeal powder, a pinch of turmeric and a few drops of lemon juice to make a thick paste. Apply the paste on your face and let it dry. Rinse off the dry mask with warm water. Do this once daily.

9. Tomatoes
   Tomatoes have natural whitening property that help to lighten up your skin. It is rich in vitamin C and also has astringent property that makes it a best remedy for treating dark skin, especially for people who suffer from acne prone or oily skin.
Procedure:
1. Grate a small tomato to extract its pulp. Then take this pulp into your hands. Apply this on all over the skin where you have dark discoloration on the skin. Allow it to dry completely. Then apply another coating of this
pulp on the same applied skin. Do the same process of reapplying the pulp on the skin for about 15 to 25 minutes. Massage the applied area gently for a minute or two after completing the reapplication process. Rinse off with water. Do this daily.

10. Rice Powder
   Women from Asian countries are familiar with the rice powder for skin lightening as they have long used rice water and rice powder to tone and whiten their skin. Rice is a rich source of para aminobenzoic acid (PABA) which acts as a natural sunscreen. Consumption of PABA, raises the level of Vitamin C in your body. Rice also has ferulic acid, an antioxidant, which when added to Vitamin C and E, provides you excellentprotection against sun. It also has anti aging effects on skin.
Procedure :
1. Grind the rice to get its fine powder. Add enough milk to the powder to make a paste. You can  use water if you are allergic to milk. Apply this rice powder paste to your face and neck. Leave for 20-30 minutes. Rinse off with warm water. Repeat 2-3 times a week.

11. Honey
   Honey acts as a moisturizing agent and also works as a skin lightening agent. Honey has antibacterial properties that can help fade age spots and acne scars. Honey help remove dead skin cells, making your skin to appear brighter and fresher than before.
Procedure :
1. Apply pure honey to your face. Leave it on for a few minutes. Then wash it off with lukewarm water.
2. Combine 1 teaspoon of honey and lemon juice, 1 tablespoon of powdered milk, and 1 teaspoon of almond oil. To make a skin-lightening mask. Mix well and apply it gently on the skin. Leave it on for 10 to15 minutes and then wash it off with cold water. Do this every day.

12. Lemon Juice
   Lemon juice is a natural astringent. Its astringent property will tighten your pores reducing the sebum secretion. It also has natural bleaching properties due to it's acidic property. The high amount of vitamin C in them encourages new cell production so that you get rid of all dullness
and have bright skin. Lemons also have antioxidants that are very good for skin complexion. Never go out in sun after applying lemon juice to your skin. It lead to more discoloration of skin. Lemon juice makes your skin ultra sensitive to sunrays. Also do not use lemon juice if you have open wounds  or cuts on your skin.
Procedure :
1. Squeeze the juice out of a lemon. Dip a cotton ball in the lemon juice. Apply it directly on your face. Leave it on for 20-30 minutes. wash off with water. Repeat daily.
2. Cut a lemon in half. Rub directly over the affected skin and allow the
juice to stick to the skin. Then leave the juice on your face for another
10-15 minutes before washing it off.
3. For oily skin. Mix 1 teaspoon of lemon juice with 2 teaspoons of rosewater and 1 teaspoon of Fuller’s earth. Make a paste by mixing them and apply
to your face. Leave for 15-20 minutes and then wash off.
4. For dry skin. Mix 1 teaspoon each of lemon juice, honey and olive oil. Apply to your skin. Massage gently for a couple of minutes. Then leave this on your skin for 10-15 minutes. Wash off with lukewarm water.
  

SUPER FOODS FOR STRONG AND HEALTHY BONES

   Strong bones are required to provide a sturdy structure to the body as well as protect the internal organs and anchor the muscles well. Strong bones also provide balance and strength. Nutrients like calcium vitamins,  fiber, beta-carotene , phosphorous, magnesium and other minerals need to be supplemented by diet in order to keep the bones strong and healthy as they are responsible for making the bones healthy and robust as well as reduce the chances of suffering from arthritis, inflammations, joint problems and others.
   This article will help you know the Super Foods that contain these nutrients so that they can be made a part of the daily diet.

1. White Beans
   While legumes are good for health, these little beans are superfood for hale and hearty bones. White beans contains a good amount of calcium, protein, fiber and essential minerals like magnesium, phosphorus and potassium. All these nutrients are required to make bones strong. It can be added in stews, bean spread, baked vegetables, soups and other dishes

2. Milk
   Calcium is the most essential element for strong bones, and consuming milk is the healthiest and easiest source of calcium. Milk is also known to contain other beneficial nutrients that are important for healthy bones,
such as potassium, magnesium, riboflavin, phosphorus, and vitamins D and B12. Children in their growing years need to drink a lot more milk. Adults should drink two glasses of milk daily. Depending upon the preference level, adults can choose between skim, full or low fat milk. Those who do not like the taste of milk can blend it into a milkshake, smoothie or sauce or add on nutritional supplements to enjoy the benefits while having changed the taste.

3. Yoghurt
   Yoghurt contains a good amount of calcium, vitamins D, A and B12, potassium, magnesium, riboflavin, phosphorus and protein. One cup of yoghurt daily is sufficient to accomplish the daily calcium requirement of the body. Those who are health conscious can choose fat-free plain yoghurt daily

4. Liver
   Organ meat of animals such as has many beneficial properties for the bones. They contain fat soluble vitamin A and D. Which helps the body to absorb calcium and this mineralizes the bones. Animal liver can be prepared in different ways, or you could even supplement with cod liver oil.

5. Sesame Seeds
   Sesame seeds contain various nutrients for bone health. These nutty seeds are full of nutrients, like calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin K and D. You can also sprinkle them on cooked vegetables or salads. You can try sesame butter as it is equally good. Those who wish to have a healthy bone structure need to consume sesame seeds daily.

6. Shellfish
   Consuming shellfish like oysters, mussels and clams occasionally, is important as they contain calcium for strong bones and also trace elements.

7. Sardines
   Sardines is an excellent source of calcium as well as vitamin D,omega-3 fatty acids, phosphorus and vitamin B12. In fact, sardines contain as much calcium per serving as milk. Sardines can be added to any mashed dish and
made into sandwiches, pizzas or salads. Sardines are also consumed in the fresh form in salads or with different sauces.

8. Cheese
   This milk made product, is loaded with a good amount of calcium, along with riboflavin, vitamins D, A, B12, potassium, magnesium and protein. Theses vital nutrients healthy bones and are responsible for strong bones.  Cheese being low in lactose content, is best for those who are lactose intolerance and unable to have milk. Just a small amount of cheese eaten regularly will support your bone health. They are different kinds of cheese to choose, raging from goat cheese, cottage cheese, Parmesan, cheddar, Swiss, mozzarella and other

9. Spinach
   Spinach is another easily available vegetable that is high in calcium content. The magnesium, vitamin A and C, iron, fiber and potassium contents in spinach make it superb to get healthy bones. Plus, its vitamin K content helps retain calcium in the bone matrix. It does not only looks after bone health, but is also good for a number of ailments. That is why, it is considered to be one of the healthiest foods. This vegetable can be grilled, boiled or eaten raw. It can also be added to salads, sandwiches, appetizers and some cooked dishes. Other vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage will also help you enjoy better bone health.

10. Salmon
   Salmon is a fatty fish that contains a wide range of bone-boosting nutrients such as calcium, omega-3 fatty acids, protein and vitamin D.  Vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids helps in the absorption of calcium in the body because, people deficient in fatty acids are more likely to suffer bone loss. If salmon is taken daily, it will helps to improve the bone density as well as bone accumulation. Salmon is also good for heart health, as such, it should be made part of one’s weekly diet. Salmon can be grilled, poached or baked.

22 AWESOME USES FOR VASELINE

1. To Define Lashes Or As A Clear Mascara
   If you’re embracing the no makeup look, You don't need mascara to get those lush lashes. Trade in your mascara for Vaseline. Apply a little Vaseline to your lashes gives you fuller set of dark, shiny, glossy eyelashes and it also makes them look longer and more voluminous. Vaseline also makes a great lash conditioner.

2. To Hide Split Ends
   If your hair looks totally fried, You can moisturize and mask damage by smoothing a small amount of Vaseline over split ends. You can fake smooth
ends until you get a haircut. But be careful! Don't use too much or it'll turn your hair into a greasy mess.

3. To Help Remove Lash Glue
   Tugging on those false lashes at the end of the night is bad for the delicate skin around your eyes. Smudge some Vaseline into your lash line with a cotton swab. Wait a few minutes and then carefully peel away.

4. Perfect Your Mani And Soothe Dry Cuticles
   Use a pea-size amount of Vaseline to line all ten fingers before you paint them to keep colour off of the skin around your nails. Also apply Vaseline to your cuticles to soften and soothe scraggly, cracked cuticles.

5. To Make A Lip Or Body Scrub
   Dry lips? Mix ordinary sugar with an eighth of a teaspoon of Vaseline to create a quick lip scrub. It'll help get rid of any flakes and also create a supersmooth canvas for lip color. To exfoliate your whole body, mix it with sea salt, and use the mixture in the shower as a body scrub with moisturising benefits.

6. To Prevent Self-Tanning Mishaps
   Use a small amount of Vaseline on dry spots  such as ankles, elbows, knees, and wrists before applying self-tanner. The ointment will act as a barrier cream on these trouble areas preventing streaks, stains and uneven absorption for a more natural looking glow.

7.  Moisturize Your Face
   Vaseline is noncomedogenic, making it OK to use as a face cream without worrying about clogged pores. But, if you're acne-prone, talk to your dermatologist before doing this.

8. To Tame Your Brows
   Smoothing some Vaseline over your brows will keep them in place all day. ( They won't move all day long). Dab the pad of your ring finger in the jar, rub two fingertips together to distribute the formula, and then smooth
it over your arches.

9. To Protect A Sore Nose
  If you're having a cold or allergies,  sore nose often gets red and chapped. Dab a bit of Vaseline around your nostrils to add moisture back.

10. Keep Nail Polish Lids From Drying Shut.
   We love a good manicure but hate struggling to unscrew the cap of our nail polish. Spread Vaseline around the inside of the polish lid for super-
easy opening next time you use it.

11. Keep Perfume From Fading
   Moisturized skin holds scent better. Rub some Vaseline on your wrists and behind your ears to make your perfume last longer.

12. To Help Heal A Sunburn
  If you forgot to reapply your SPF at the beach and are paying the price with painful, red skin. Apply Vaseline to the affected area, it’ll help lock in moisture to your dried-out skin and prevent peeling.

13. Make Your Legs Glow
   Mix Vaseline with your favorite liquid bronzer. Spread the formula on your legs for a shiny, glowy look.

14. To Boost The Effectiveness Of Your Serum
   Vaseline prevents moisture evaporation, so dotting Vaseline over your eye serum or face cream can double the strength of the first layer's ingredients. But don't apply over powerful products, it may irritate your skin.

15. To highlight cheekbones. We love our essences, our highlighters,
and our illuminators, but this is a supereasy (and way more
budget-friendly) way to get glowing skin: Dab a bit of Vaseline
on your cheekbones for a dewy finish

16. Protect Your Skin From Hair Dye
   It's hard to convince people that your hair is naturally red if you have
patches of hair color on your forehead or around your ears. Slick some dabs of Vaseline along your hairline before dyeing, it blocks the color from seeping into your skin, and the dye will stain the jelly, not your skin.

17. Soothe Dry Heels
  Sandals plus the sun can transform even the softest heels into a scratchy, super dry, flaky mess. Smooth Vaseline over cracked heels before you go to
bed, and then put on some socks, You'll wake up with soft, smooth skin.

18. Remove Makeup Stains From Clothing
  With a damp washcloth, Vaseline can be used to lift makeup stains from your clothes pillows, blankets, and sheets.

19. Eye Makeup Remover
 Makeup remover can be expensive. Vaseline is an inexpensive option that easily and gently removes eyeliner, mascara and even eye shadow.

20. To Aid Earring Insertion.
 If you don’t wear earrings regularly can make those holes  become troublesome and putting those studs in can be surprisingly painful. Rub your lobes with a little Vaseline beforehand to help it slide in painlessly. Vaseline also takes off stuck-on rings.

21. To Help Prevent Chafing
Apply a small amount of Vaseline to any area that's prone to chafing to prevent irritation or rashes.

22. Polish Shoes
  Buff a little Vaseline onto boots, shoes, bags, and any other leather goods that need polishing.


12 BEAUTY HABITS YOU SHOULD DO EVERY NIGHT

   Exposure to harsh ultraviolet (UV) sunrays, dust and air pollution, harsh
chemicals and environmental conditions can cause significant damage to your skin and lead to various signs of premature aging like wrinkles over time. With just a few extra minutes, you can develop some serious beauty habits that will keep your face, skin, and hair beautiful and clear of blemishes, because your body can do serious work for you while you sleep. Here are some few nightly skin care routine that will help reduce blemishes  and hydrated and rejuvenate your skin.

1. Remove Your Makeup
  The most important thing to do to wake up looking fresh is to remove all of your makeup before bedtime. It's one of the best beauty habits that you can adopt, because,  it helps in cleaning the skin and opening the pores. When you are sleeping at night, your skin repairs itself and the skin pores open up. But when there is a layer of makeup on your face like lipstick, mascara, foundation, highlighter and eye shadow, the pores get clogged. If you don’t remove the makeup, it can cause acne, uneven skin tone and spots. Even if you are extremely tired, take time to remove your makeup before you go to bed if you wish to keep your skin looking young and ageless. You can use a makeup remover or facial cleanser.

2. Brushing And Flossing
   Once your dinner is finished, make sure to brush and floss your teeth before going to bed. Both habits are important for good oral hygiene and keep your mouth free from germs, cavities and infections. Also, it will give you fresh breath when you wake up next day. Use a soft-bristle toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste to brush your teeth for at least 2 minutes. Floss your teeth and then rinse your mouth thoroughly with warm water.

3. Soften Your Feet
   As beautiful and healthy feet are true reflection of your beauty and personality, you cannot ignore them during your nightly beauty regimen. Just before you hop into bed, apply a foot lotion that contains either tea tree oil or peppermint oil, and then cover your feet with fuzzy socks. Or after washing your feet with warm water, pat them dry, Then apply some petroleum jelly or a foot cream. Cover your feet with socks and then go to bed. In the morning, your feet will be as soft as a baby’s bottom.

4. Spot Treatments
   You can use it to target acne and pimples, it's a great way to help stop acne before it starts. Take a purifying mask and, use a cotton swab to apply it directly to pimples. Allow it to dry and let it sit overnight. The longer it sits on your skin, it brings much better results.

5. Apply Hand Cream
   The hands become very dry due to air and the detergents we use for
washing clothes and dishes. Use a hand cream at night. It will help in moisturizing the hands and keep them smooth and soft throughout the day. Wash your hands thoroughly with warm water and mild soap, pat dry with a towel and then apply a hand cream. Apply the cream on hands, fingers and nails, this will help keep cuticles and fingernails moisturized so they will grow longer and stronger and break and peel less. Add some to your elbows too, while you’re at it.

6. Relax In A Warm Bath
  A warm bath will also help you to sleep better, help relieve stress, remove toxins, and allow you a few minutes to do a couple of other beauty routines

7. Use a Toner
   Before going to bed, tone up your face with a toner. Toner helps restore your skin’s natural pH levels, which makes your skin more resistant against
bacteria and micro-organisms. It also helps cleanse your skin of dust, Apply a small amount of toner to a cotton pad and wipe it over your entire face and neck area, and then let your skin air dry. There are many different types of toner in the market for various skin types, but it is best to use an alcohol-free formula. pollution and impurities.

8. Try an Exfoliator
   While you sleep, the skin is working its hardest to repair itself, and It’s the best time to apply. This will give the ingredients time to absorb and repair daily damage to the skin caused by ultra-violet exposure and environmental aggressors.

9. Use Eye Cream
  The eye area is the first to show signs of aging, it is essential to take care of your eyes properly. Even if you are in your 20’s, eye cream is important. First, you need to remove all your eye makeup. Then, apply an eye cream before going to bed. It helps in moisturizing and hydrating the skin near the eyes, reduce dark circles, minimize the appearance of wrinkles and temporarily tighten the under-eye area. Use a eye cream with ingredients like caffeine, antioxidants and brighteners. You should massage the cream on the skin very gently, starting from the inner corners of your eyes and gently massage toward the outer corners.

10. Switch To Silk Pillowcases And Sleep On Two Pillowd
   Silk contains natural proteins and 18 essential amino acids that help keep your skin looking young and beautiful. Most cotton pillowcases are very rough on your hair cuticles and make little creases and folds that transfer to your face. The silky feeling of silk is good for your hair as it makes your hair slide smoothly and there will be less damage.
   Also Prop your head up on an extra pillow to prevent puffiness and dark circles under the eyes. Gravity helps you with lymph and blood flow so fluids won’t accumulate under your eyes and in your face,

11. Pin Up Your Hair
   Some people like to sleep with their hair down, but it’s better to sleep with your hair tied back. This will benefit both your hair and skin. Unless you wash your hair in the evenings, your hair has oil and dirt that can transfer from your hair to the pillowcase, and then to your face and cause breakouts, pimples,  acne and infections. Brush your hair and then braid it or pin it up into a bun to avoid knots and tangles in the morning. Avoid sleeping with open hair.

12. Get Your Beauty Rest
   Catching a good night’s sleep can really effect the way you look. A good night’s rest will reduce dark circles and puffy eyes because, lack of sleep compromises your body’s circulatory system and you get stagnant blood in the vessels under the eyes because it hasn’t properly drained. Sleep is a rejuvenating treatment as the repair and growth process of cells occurs when you sleep so most of your skin repair happens while you are sleeping. Lack of sleep also causes your skin to look pale and tired and also causes signs of aging like wrinkles, dull complexion and fine lines. To keep yourself looking young, get 7 to 9 hours of sound sleep every single night.

8 WAYS TO SHORTEN YOUR PERIOD

    Menstrual flow is a physiological phenomenon of female reproductive system and it plays a major role in the ovarian cycle. On an average, a woman’s period lasts for about a week, during which women go through various experiences such as discomfort, cramping, sheer annoyance, and
hormonal changes. Girls are sometimes faced with irregular periods or bleeding for elongated periods of time and they may want to shorten and lighten their periods. Though elongated bleeding is not a matter of worry, but if you want to get rid of the uncomfortable feeling, there are ways to temporarily limit or shorten the length of period without any side effects.

1. Exercise
   Regular physical exercise offers numerous health benefits. Women who are physically fit tend to experience shorter and lighter periods. Regular exercise maintains a healthy pelvis which helps in shortening the period length, decreasing menstrual cramps and treating post menstrual syndrome. Overweight women experience longer and heavier periods, because menstrual cycle length and the amount of liquid that comes out are partly determined by their weight, so the higher amount of fat in their body that can often cause more difficult and painful, longer and heavier periods. Cardio workouts such as biking and jogging also have a positive effect on the duration of your period. So Increasing the amount of exercise you do throughout the month and even during menstruation, will
help increase blood circulation in the body to help reduce menstrual cramps and shortening menstruation.

2. Birth Control Pills
   One of the most convenient ways to shorten the period is to use oral contraceptives or birth control pills. These pills are not only used to prevent pregnancy, but also to relieve painful menstrual symptoms and length of bleeding. These pills are a combination of female hormones called estrogen and progesterone. By taking these additional hormones, you can reduce your period to as less as 4 periods in a year. But there are certain side effects associated with these pills such as spotting, weight gain, nausea and vomiting.

3. Stay Hydrated
   Drinking a lot of water everyday will help shorten your period. Large amounts of water will also reduce bloating and cramps during menstruation, because loss of water in body can trigger the release of a hormone called vasopressin which is responsible for cramps during menstruation, so drink at least eight glasses of water per day, and if you exercise you should replenish fluids lost through sweating by drinking an extra glass or two of water. You should also avoid carbonated drinks and too much caffeine because they can increase cramps during menstruation.

4. Don't Eat Too Much Salt
   Bloating and water retention can occur if you eat too much salt. A diet with 2,300 milligrams/day, or one teaspoon is recommended. 

5. Orgasm
   Achieving orgasm through sexual intercourse or masturbation is an effective way in getting through your periods early. This is due to the extra contractions that the uterus experiences during orgasm, which may help to shed menstrual blood faster. An added bonus is that orgasm releases endorphins which decreases the stress and also works as a natural painkiller thereby reducing cramping.

6. Natural Herbs
   Herbs such as yarrow, ginger, maca root and raspberries can be used to shorten the duration of menstrual flow, relieve painful menstrual cramps, treat irregular periods and combat heavy menstrual bleeding

7. Reusable Menstrual Products
   Reusable menstrual products such as menstrual cups, Sea sponges and reusable cloth pads are good choices in comparison to pads and tampons to make the period lighter.

8. Foods That Are Natural Blood Thinners
  Blood thinners usually do not affect how often you get your period, but they can increase the flow of blood and slightly increase the chance of passing clots during your period.

DEMENTIA

   As you get older, you may find that memory loss becomes a problem. Although, it is normal for your memory to be affected by age, stress, tiredness, or certain illnesses and medications, but if you're becoming
increasingly forgetful, particularly if you're over the age of 65 and it's affecting your daily life, it may be early signs of dementia.

WHAT IS DEMENTIA?
   Dementia is a common condition. Dementia is a general term for a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life. Dementia is not a specific disease. Instead, dementia describes a group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking and social abilities severe enough to reduce a person's ability to perform everyday activities . Memory loss is a common symptom of dementia. However, memory loss does not mean you have dementia, memory loss has different causes. Although dementia is common in very elderly people, it is not part of normal aging.
   Alzheimer's disease and stroke accounts for most cases of dementia. But other conditions can cause symptoms of dementia, such as thyroid problems and vitamin deficiencies which are reversible.

SYMPTOMS OF DEMENTIA
   Dementia symptoms vary depending on the cause, but common signs and symptoms include:

- Memory loss, which is usually noticed by a spouse or someone else
- Communication and language
- Difficulty to plan and organize
- They may loses their ability to solve problems .
- Ability to focus and pay attention
- Thinking speed
- Judgment and reasoning
- They have problems controlling their emotions.
- Visual perception or hallucination
- Understanding
- Changes in personality or mood
- Lose of empathy  and compassion
- Confusion and disorientation
- Depression
- Ability to make decisions
- Anxiety
- Inappropriate behavior
- Agitation
   People with dementia may not be able to think well enough to do normal activities, such as getting dressed or eating, and as such maintaining their independence may become a problem. They may lose interest in socialising, and also find social situations challenging. They may also have problems with short-term memory, such as remembering appointments,  paying bills, preparing meals and keeping track of a purse or wallet.

CAUSES OF DEMENTIA
   Dementia is caused by damage of nerve cells in the brain, which can occur in several areas of the brain. Dementia affects people differently, depending on the area of the brain affected. The brain has many distinct regions with it's own function, when the cells in a particular region are damaged, that region cannot carry out its functions normally. This damage interferes with the ability of brain cells to communicate with each other. Thinking, behavior and feelings can be affected when brain cells cannot communicate normally, Some dementias can be caused by a reaction to medications or vitamin deficiencies, and these might improve with treatment.

TYPES OF DEMENTIA
  Dementias that progress and aren't reversible include:
- Alzheimer's disease
- Frontotemporal dementia
- Huntington's disease
- Parkinson's disease
- Vascular dementia
- Traumatic brain injury
- Lewy body dementia
- Mixed dementia

   Dementia-like conditions that can be reversed with treatment include:
- Nutritional deficiencies
- Poisoning
- Infections and immune disorders
- Normal-pressure hydrocephalus
- Brain tumor
- Subdural hematomas
- Reaction to medications
- Thyroid problems
- Hypoxia

RISK FACTORS FOR DEMENTIA

Risk factors that can't be changed
1. Age: Your risk of developing dementia increases as you get older, and
the condition usually occurs in people over the age of 65. However, dementia isn't a normal part of aging, and dementia can occur in younger people.

2. Family history or genetics: Having a family history of dementia puts
you at greater risk of developing the condition.

3. Depression: Late-life depression might indicate the development of dementia.

4. Cardiovascular risk factors: The brain is nourished by one of the body's richest networks of blood vessels. Damages in blood vessels anywhere in your body can damage blood vessels in your brain, thereby depriving brain cells of vital food and oxygen. These changes may interact to cause faster decline or make impairments more severe. These include hypertension, high cholesterol, and obesity.

5. Down syndrome: By the time they're in  middle age, many people with Down syndrome develop early-onset Alzheimer's disease.

6. Heavy alcohol use: If you drink large amounts of alcohol, you might have a higher risk of dementia.

7. Lack of Physical exercise:  Regular physical exercise may help lower the risk of some types of dementia. Evidence suggests exercise may directly benefit brain cells by increasing blood and oxygen flow to the brain.

8. Mild cognitive impairment: This involves difficulties with memory but without loss of daily function. It puts people at higher risk of dementia.

9. Smoking: Smoking increases your risk of developing dementia and blood vessel diseases.

10. Diabetes: People with diabetes,  have an increased risk of dementia, especially if it's poorly controlled.

11. Diet: What you eat may have its greatest impact on brain health through its effect on heart health. Heart-healthy eating patterns may help protect the brain.

DEMENTIA TREATMENT AND CARE
   Treatment of dementia depends on its cause. In the case of most progressive dementias, like Alzheimer's disease, there is no cure and no treatment that stops its progression. But there are drugs that may improve symptoms or slow down the disease. Non-drug therapies can also alleviate some symptoms of dementia. Most types of dementia can't be cured, but if it is detected early there are ways you can slow it down and maintain mental function.

COMPLICATIONS
   Dementia can lead to:
- Inadequate nutrition
- Pneumonia
- Personal safety challenges
- Inability to perform self-care tasks
- Death.

BEST FRUITS FOR WEIGHT LOSS

   Fruits contains many nutrients that are beneficial to your health and can also help keep you full while eating fewer calories. But not all fruits are for losing calories. Let's investigate which fruits are best if you’re looking to lose weight.

Grapefruit
   Grapefruit’s high water content helps increase feelings of fullness while providing very few calories. Grapefruit contains vitamin C, folic acid, and potassium, along with pectin, a soluble fiber. It is a powerhouse for heart health. Grapefruit has been shown to  contain a compound called naringin which helps control and lower blood sugar, and ultimately lead to weight loss.

Apples
   Apples are the ultimate snack: filling, juicy, crunchy, and portable. They are chock-full of fiber, a nutrient that’s known to boost feelings of fullness and ward off hunger pangs. Studies have shown that eating three apples per day can help with weight loss. 1 medium apple is said to contain 95 calories, 2mg sodium, 25g carbs, 0.5g fat,  4.5g fiber, 19g sugars, 0.5g protein.

Cabbage
  Cabbage is a great immune-booster being rich in antioxidants like vitamin C.

Lettuce
   Lettuce is a great source of vitamins, folic acid, and manganese, which regulates blood sugar and is essential for proper immune system function.Choose other dark green varieties for the most nutrients.

Oranges
   Oranges are high in fiber and water content, they will help you feel full. Since there are always in season you  can eat them as a snack any time you want or incorporate them into your diet. 1 large orange contains 86 calories, 0.5g fat, 0mg sodium, 21.5g carbs, 4.5g fiber, 17g sugar, 1.5g protein. Oranges are amazing weight-loss fruit.

Berries
   Blueberries, blackberries, and raspberries are packed full of nutrients and are lower in sugar than other types of fruit such as bananas. For example a cup of strawberries only has 50 calories and 7 grams of sugar, while raspberries are low in calories, and even lower when you consider that they’re high in insoluble (indigestible) fiber, making it the fruit with the highest fiber content (1 cup = 8g fiber). Berries are great fat burning fruits. Try to incorporate them in your diet either as a snack or smoothies.

Watermelon
   Watermelon is low in calories with a high water content (it is more than 90 percent water). It helps you stay hydrated and also feel full.

Spinach
   They are rich in iron, folic acid, and vitamin K. It also contains disease-
fighting antioxidants beta-carotene and vitamin C, as well as the phytochemical lutein, which protects eyes against age-related macular degeneration.

  Fruits that are low calorie and nutrient-dense  are generally a decent source of vitamins and anti-oxidants. The fiber in fruit helps  slows down the digestion and absorption of fructose, the fruit sugar . They also help keep our sweet tooth under control. It is a smart move to incorporate fruits into your diet.

MOST ADDICTIVE UNHEALTHY FOODS

  Food addiction is real. Studies have found that food addicts and drug addicts experience similar feelings of euphoria and corresponding crashes. Foods high in ingredients like sugar, fat, and salt can trigger addictive overeating. Studies have shown receptors in our mouths trigger an addiction type mechanism in our guts when they come into contact with fat. And it’s the reason eating just one piece of fatty food is so hard, simply eating one makes you want to continue eating till the whole bag or plate is empty.
   The foods on this list are calorie-dense, lack nutritional value, and can be addictive and also presence in statistics of obesity.

1. Soda
   A regular 12-ounce can of coke can have 39 grams of sugar, which is nearly 10 teaspoons sugar, which is like drinking tons of sugar and calories. Soda also contains loads of caffeine,  which goes directly into your bloodstream and blocks adenosine receptors, stimulating the adrenal gland to produce the flight or fight adrenaline, which gives people a feeling of energy, that is, the body is being forced into an unnatural state that often leaves it exhausted later. This causes psychological effects such as anxiety, insomnia, an overall crankiness and studies has shown that drinking too much caffeinated soda can caused or amplified a patient’s mental disorder symptoms . Acidic soda can also eat up and erode teeth enamel.

2. White Bread
   Processed and high-glycemic carbohydrates, like white breads, are hard to stop eating and make us crave more. Studies have shown that people who consume more nutrient dense, low-glycemic carbs are less likely to overeat. Low-glycemic foods release glucose more slowly into the bloodstream, and helps to balance blood sugar and fat storage. Examples of such foods are whole grains, fruits and beans.

3. Chocolate
   Apart from being an aphrodisiac as claimed by romantics, studies have
shown that chocolate can lower your stress levels and help you live longer.
Chocolate are so soothing, and that is why  it is very addictive.

4. Processed Baked Goods
   It's the sugar in these foods that draw you back time and time again. High-Fructose Corn Syrup, which is an ingredient in many baked goods, can
cause reactions similar to those made by drug abuse. That's why eating just one Oreo seems like it's just not an option.

5. French Fries
   One study reveals that sodium intake creates sensitivity to dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps control the brain’s pleasure centers. So the salt in those fried potato sticks is what keeps us hooked, and makes us come for more especially when we need that salty fix. The same gene group that regulates your appetite for salt also regulates cocaine and heroin addictions. So there is a connection between salt and addiction-related pathways in the brain.

6. Ice cream
   Ice cream is also full of fat, calories, sugar, and the addictive High-Fructose Corn Syrup. The high-fat content in many ice creams ignites the
brain's pleasure center, making you eager for your next serving and finding it difficult to portion. A typical cup of ice cream has 20 grams of fat, 350 calories, and 32 grams of sugar.  if you must have the ice cream, consider the lower-fat and lower-calorie ice cream.

7. Highly-Processed Meat
   Ham and bologna, hot dogs, bacon, and sausage are all packed with salt and also various chemicals like sodium nitrates. Many of them also contain tons of preservatives and lots of fat. Hot dogs and sausage can contain up to 23 grams of fat. Go for fresh meats, like skinless poultry and beef instead.

8. Potato Chips
   Potato chips are high in salt and fat. Every bite of Potato chips causes our nerve endings to send signals which travels to the hypothalamus, the pleasure center of our brains. Even the healthier chips are usually high in fat.

REASONS WHY YOU ARE ALWAYS TIRED

1. Poor diet
   Your diet impacts your hormones, causing imbalances neurotransmitter function, which make you prone to anxiety or depression sleep cycles, making it hard to get enough restful sleep. Diet change can result to you feeling tired. Eating breakfast refuels your body from the long break between meals and gets your metabolism going, skipping breakfast can slow you down pretty significantly. Its is advisable to go for complex carbohydrates and protein, to keep you satisfied and maintain a stable supply of energy and they also help you stay alert during the day.

2. Inadequate amount of sleep
   Most adults need between 7-9 hours of sleep consistently each and every night, to feel their best. Not getting enough sleep is one of the reasons many of us feel so exhausted all the time. Sleep deprivation can lead to mood or hormone imbalance, trauma or abuse, adrenal fatigue, stress, heart disease, diabetes, and an early death .

3. Depression
   Depression is one of the most common mental disorders and energy zappers. Depression affects the way we sleep, eat, and feel about ourselves
and others. Without treatment, the symptoms of depression may last for weeks, months, or even years.

4. Blood Sugar Imbalance
   Blood sugar imbalances a major contributing factor to health problems and lack of energy. If you are always exhausted,  chances are it is related to your blood sugar and over time, blood sugar imbalances can lead to serious diseases like type 2 diabetes.

5. Anemia
   Anemia is a condition where a person has a lower than normal level of red blood cells or lack of red blood cells.  Anemia may be caused by an iron or vitamin deficiency, blood loss, internal bleeding, or a chronic disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, or kidney failure. Low iron levels plague women more than men because of blood loss during menstruation and the body's need for extra iron during pregnancy and breastfeeding. This condition, can make you feel winded and generally exhausted.

6. Sleep disorders
   Sleep disorders such as sleep apnea, narcolepsy and insomnia can result in you waking up feeling tired no matter how much rest you think you got, because it's either you can't fall asleep or it’s not restful sleep. Sleep apnea occurs when the muscles around your airway relax too much and block off the airway. This cuts off the supply of oxygen to your brain
and forces you to wake up in order to start breathing again. Someone with sleep apnea may stop breathing dozens or even hundreds of times a night, which definitely isn't a comfortable sleep.

7. Emotional Stress
   When stress progresses to the point of an anxiety disorder or a sleep-related problem then it can take a huge toll on your energy levels.

8. Dehydration
  Dehydration occurs when there is an excessive loss of body fluids, when you lost as little as a 5 to 8% loss of water can lead to fatigue, because when you don’t have an adequate amount of water and electrolytes in
your system, your blood volume drop and it takes longer for oxygen and other nutrients to circulate through your body, leaving you feeling wiped out. When you start to feel thirsty, you body is already dehydrated.

9. Sedentary Lifestyle
   Your body was made to move. Sitting all day is very hard on your body and often causes  pain in your neck, stiffness, back pain, and chronic headaches and it also can make you feel like you’re always tired. When your body is in a position and doesn’t get regular activities, you can experience mood issues, sluggishness, fatigue, and weight gain.

10. Improper amount of exercise
   Research shows regularly making the time for a sweat session can help you feel a lot more alert during the day. Incorporating exercise into your day can reduce fatigue.  Also too much exercise can also lead to fatigue as you become a victim of overtraining,  that is the body has been worked to exhaustion. Once someone hits this point, they tend to feel moody and extremely exhausted.

11. Low testosterone
   The body naturally start to produce less testosterone as men get older, and this plays a role in the overall energy level, as men with low testosterone often feel fatigued despite getting plenty of sleep. This is just not limited to older men as there are a number of reasons young men can find their testosterone levels lacking, but they're all treatable. It is best to see a doctor if you think you are suffering from low testosterone,